Problems of metastasis (literature review)

Despite significant successes in the development of medical sciences, the study of oncopathology issues still occupies a leading place due to the identification of a large number of advanced cases of the disease. Firstly, this may be due to the rapid growth of a malignant tumor, for example, against the background of immunodeficiency. Secondly, with late treatment of patients, when they already have distant metastases. The success of treatment of any oncological process primarily depends on the timing of the diagnosis: the earlier the tumor is diagnosed, the greater the chance of a positive outcome and an increase in the life expectancy of the cancer patient. The most formidable complication of oncopathology and the main cause of death from it is metastasis, which often reduces to zero all the effects of therapy. Metastasis remains a mystery today. So, despite the large number of various theories, the question of the spread of the tumor throughout the body has not yet been resolved. There is no definite answer to the question: do metastases metastasize? The mechanisms of the influence of hormones on the processes of metastasis have not been fully studied. Difficulties in diagnosis are associated with the lack of clinical manifestations before the appearance of metastases, the inability to track and compare changes in tissues and organs in vivo, the non-specificity of the results of available research methods, and the lack of control of the spread of metastases throughout the body. Experimental studies on laboratory animals can provide answers to these and many other questions. In a review of the literature, a study of the main issues of metastasis is conducted.

Literature Review : Gambaran Pengetahuan dan Sikap Pada Pasien Tuberkulosis

Tuberculosis is the second leading cause of death from infectious diseases in the world. Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission is influenced by knowledge and attitude factors. A lack of knowledge about tuberculosis will make a bad attitude impact on the success of treatment. This study aims to portray the knowledge and attitudes among tuberculosis patients. This literature review study highlighted five articles obtained from article searches through PubMed and Google Scholar according to inclusion and exclusion criteria with the STROBE as critical appraisal instrumen. Most of the tuberculosis patients of the male were 524 respondents (62%), most of them worked 696 respondents (96.7%), and most of them had basic education 283 respondents (39.66%). In the context of knowledge, most of the respondents (57%) have good knowledge (527 responden). Meanwhile, in terms of attitude, 548 respondents (59.2%) have positive attitudes. The attitude was related to knowledge. The higher the knowledge possessed will to the a good attitude. Ners should give health education to tuberculosis patients to increase their understanding of tuberculosis. As a result, a positive attitud may show in tuberculosis patientsKeywords : Knowledge; Attitude; Tuberculosis AbstrakTuberkulosis merupakan penyebab kedua kematian dari penyakit infeksi di dunia. Penularan Mycrobakterium Tuberculosis dipengaruhi oleh faktor pengetahuan dan sikap. Kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai penyakit tuberkulosis akan menjadikan suatu sikap yang tidak baik sehingga dapat berdampak pada keberhasilan pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan dan sikap pada pasien tuberkolosis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian melalui literature riview deskriptif dengan pengambilan data 5 artikel yang di dapat dari pencarian artikel melalui PubMed dan Google Scholar sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dengan instrumen critical appraisal strobe. Sebagian besar pasien tuberkulosis dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 524 responden (62%), sebagian besar bekerja 696 responden (96,7%), dan sebagian besar berpendidikan dasar 283 responden (39,66%). Pengetahuan responden sebagian besar 527 responden (57%) memiliki pengetahuan baik,dan sebagian besar 548 responden (59,2%) memiliki sikap positif. Sikap mempengaruhi pengetahuan yang dimilikinya. Semakin tinggi pengetahuan yang dimiliki akan memberikan kontribusi terhadap terbentuknya sikap yang baik. Perawat senantiasa memebrikan edikusi kepada pada pasien tuberculosis untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan pasien tuberkulosisagar muncul sikap positif pada pasien tuberkulosis.Kata kunci: Pengetahuan; Sikap; Tuberkulosis

Aplikasi Pengingat Minum Obat Di Desa Sumbersuko Kecamatan Wagir Kabupaten Malang

The people of Sumbersuko village in Wagir sub-district, Malang district, on average, already have an Android-based smartphone. The medication reminder application found on the smartphone is not yet known and used. The training program for 12 health cadres is expected that they understand and are able to use the medication reminder application well. Training is given to health cadres so that they can disseminate information to the community. The methods used in the training were lectures, discussions and trials with smartphones by health cadres. Beginning with the introduction of medication reminder applications, techniques for downloading applications and filling in drug data. The medication reminder application is important for people who are undergoing treatment for chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis, hypertension and other diseases who must take medication uninterruptedly. Medication reminder applications can improve adherence. Compliance with taking medication is one of the factors that affect the success of treatment, so the presence of this application is appropriate when applied. The alarm in the medication reminder application will help especially the elderly in Sumbersuko village. The presence of a medication reminder application is expected to improve people's quality of life and reduce mortality and morbidity

Gambaran Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Keluarga Mengenai Pencegahan Penularan Penyakit Tb Paru: Literature Review

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis which is transmitted through droplets and the process is very fast. So, knowledge and attitude of the family will determine the success of treatment in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Therefore, one of the duties of the family is the provide care for sick family members and prevent transmission to healthy members. This study aims to find out an overview of family knowledge and attitudes regarding prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis disease transmission. Since it a descriptive study, the collecting data was conducted by reviewing literature; searching in Google Scholar to obtain 6 articles in inclusive and exclusive criteria. It stated 143 respondents (64%) have had a good knowledge of the matter, and 147 respondents (65%) were in a well behavior on it. Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that the family’s knowledge about preventing pulmonary TB transmission is good, and the family’s attitude about it is also good.Keyword: prevention,knowledege, family behavior, tuberculosis AbstrakTuberkolosis merupakan penyakit infeksi menular yang disebabkan oleh bakteri mycobacterium tuberculosisyang ditularkan melalui droplet dan penularannya sangat cepat. Pengetahuan dan sikap keluarga sangat menentukan keberhasilan pengobatan pada pasien TB paru. Karena salah satu tugas dari keluarga adalah melakukan perawatan bagi anggota keluarga yang sakit dan mencegah penularan pada anggota yang sehat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan dan sikap keluarga mengenai pencegahan penularan penyakit TB Paru. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif dengan pengumpulan data mengunakan literature review dan melakukan penelusuran online dari sumber database Google Scholar didapatkan 6 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria Inklusi dan Eksklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan sebanyak 143 responden (64%) memiliki pengetahuan yang baik dan 147 responden memiliki sikap yang baik (65%). Berdasarkan hasil analisis diketahui bahwa pengetahuan keluarga mengenai pencegahan penularan TB paru adalah baik, dan sikap keluarga mengenai pencegahan penularan TB paru adalah baik.Kata Kunci: Pencegahan,Pengetahuan, Sikap Keluarga, Tuberkulosis

UTILITY AND SIGNIFICANCE OF ANUPANA

Ayurveda science of life with the aim “Swastasya Swasthya Rakshanam and Aturasya Vikara Prashamanam” has a different approach towards Arogya Sthapana. Anupana concept is one such inseparable concept of Ayurveda in the treatment aspect. Along with the main medicated drug the adjuvant with which it is taken, plays an important role in the success of treatment. Anupana (Vehicle) is a substance that is taken, along with or after the intake of Aahara (food) and Aushada (drug). In the context of food, Anupana helps in better digestion, absorption & provides complete nourishment of the body. It brings some changes in the substance along with which it is administered. It also plays a very significant role in treating the diseases & helps the drug to improve efficacy. On review of literature, Anupana has a multidimensional effect; it will act as a nutritive, stimulant, preventive and curative. Keywords: Anupana, Ahara, Ayurveda, adjuvant

Predictors of clinical response after rTMS treatment of patients suffering from drug-resistant depression

Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a therapeutic brain-stimulation technique that is particularly used for drug-resistant depressive disorders. European recommendations mention the effectiveness of 30 to 64%. The failure rate of treatment is high and clinical improvement is visible only after a certain period of time. It would thus be useful to have indicators that could anticipate the success of treatment and more effectively guide therapeutic choices. We aimed to find predictive indicators of clinical improvement at 1 month after the start of rTMS treatment among the data collected during the care of patients with drug-resistant depression included in the Neuromodulation Unit of the Esquirol Hospital in Limoges since 2007. In total, 290 patients with a pharmaco-resistant depressive episode, according to the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) (score ≥8), before treatment who underwent a complete course of rTMS treatment and did not object to the use of their collected data were included. The clinical response in routine practice, corresponding to a decrease in the HDRS score of at least 50% from inclusion, was determined and complemented by interquartile analysis. A combination of factors predictive of clinical response during care, such as a short duration of the current depressive episode associated with a higher HDRS agitation item value (or a lower perceived sleepiness value) and a higher number of previous rTMS treatments, were identified as being useful in predicting the efficacy of rTMS treatment in routine clinical practice, thus facilitating the therapeutic choice for patients with drug-resistant depression.

Pemanfaatan Platform Video Online Mengenai Penatalaksanaan Kedaruratan Avulsi Gigi Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

ABSTRAK Avulsi gigi merupakan jenis cedera umum yang mengakibatkan gigi terlepas dari soket alveolar. Jenis trauma dentoalveolar ini menyebabkan ligamen periodontal terputus dengan atau tanpa fraktur tulang alveolus. Meskipun perawatan yang ideal adalah replantasi gigi segera di tempat terjadinya trauma, hal ini mungkin tidak dapat dilakukan secara praktis dalam setiap kasus. Masyarakat masih belum mengetahui upaya pertolongan pertama pada penatalaksanaan avulsi gigi sebelum dilakukan replantasi untuk mempertahankan viabilitas jaringan di sekitar gigi yang lepas. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilaksanakan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang cara membersihkan dan menyimpan gigi dengan tepat yang bertujuan meningkatkan keberhasilan perawatan di masa pandemi Covid-19. Pelaksanaan kegiatan kepada masyarakat ini meliputi pembuatan video animasi edukasi dan pengunggahan video tersebut pada platform video online “Youtube”. Respon yang diperoleh dari masyarakat dilakukan melalui kuesioner. Pengisian kuesioner oleh masyarakat (50 orang) didapatkan hasil yaitu sebanyak 50% sangat puas ; 48% puas ; 2% cukup puas ; 0% tidak puas ; dan 2% sangat tidak puas terhadap video edukasi yang ditayangkan pada platform YouTube tersebut. Tingginya kepuasan masyarakat diharapkan diimbangi dengan peningkatan pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat tentang penatalaksanaan kedaruratan avulsi gigi di masa pandemi Covid-19 yang disajikan dari video animasi edukasi. Kata Kunci: Avulsi gigi, ligamen periodontal, replantasi gigi, trauma dentoalveolar ABSTRACT Dental avulsion is a common type of injury that causes teeth to detach from the alveolar socket. This type of dentoalveolar trauma results in severed periodontal ligaments with or without alveolar bone fracture. Although the ideal treatment is dental replantation immediately at the site of the trauma, this may not be practicable in every case. The community still does not know the first aid efforts in the management of dental avulsion before replanting to maintain the viability of the tissue around the loose tooth. This community service activity is carried out to increase community knowledge about how to clean and store teeth properly with the aim of increasing the success of treatment in the Covid-19 pandemic. The implementation of this activity to the community includes making educational animated videos and uploading them to the online video platform "Youtube". The responses obtained from the community were carried out through a questionnaire. Filling out the questionnaire by the community (48 people) showed that 42% were very satisfied; 48% satisfied; 6% were quite satisfied; 0% dissatisfied, and 4% are very dissatisfied with the educational video shown on the YouTube platform. The high level of community satisfaction is expected to be balanced with an increase in public knowledge and awareness about the emergency management of dental avulsion during the Covid-19 pandemic, which is presented from an educational animated video. Keywords: Dental avulsion, periodontal ligament, dental replantation, dentoalveolar trauma

On the nature and treatment of dysmenorrhea

Although dysmenorrhea is a fairly frequent and, incidentally, a very painful disease for a working woman, its nature is far from fully elucidated; therefore, in the treatment of this disease, complete, so to speak, arbitrariness, polypharmacy, empiricism reigns; the success of treatment is usually minimal.

Maturity onset diabetes of the young

GPs not only diagnose common metabolic and endocrine conditions, but also must recognise rare disorders and ultimately offer accurate diagnoses with appropriate investigations. In cases where treatment options exist, an early diagnosis is often crucial to the success of treatment and the possibility of reversing or stalling progressive symptoms. Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a rare form of diabetes, which is different from type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and characterised by a single gene ‘monogenic’ mutation with autosomal-dominant inheritance. It is estimated that approximately 80% of patients with MODY are initially misdiagnosed with type 1 or type 2 DM, and awareness of this condition among primary care physicians should improve diagnosis. The aim of this article is to present basic information about this rare, but rather important, genetic disorder that is linked to diabetes in younger people.

The Importance of Learning Style in Case Formulation–Driven Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Case Study

Rather than structuring treatment based on diagnoses, case formulation–driven cognitive behavior therapy (CF-CBT) focuses on building an individualized formulation or map of how a patient’s presenting problems are being maintained and uses this formulation to guide treatment planning. A case formulation can include comorbid diagnoses, underlying mechanisms, relevant historical, biological, and social factors, and problems unrelated to a diagnosis (e.g., unemployment). Therapy is also a learning context, and clients vary in their learning styles and preferences. The success of treatment depends not only on what a client learns but also on how a client learns. Frequently, learning style is not considered when developing a case formulation or providing CBT. The present case study, based on a man with social anxiety disorder who was treated using CF-CBT, demonstrates the importance of including learning style to target both what and how the client learns.