Chapter 1: Russia’s Foreign Food Trade: An Historical Survey

The chapter utilises four variables to examine Russia’s food trade from the 1970s to the present. The four variables include: frequency of entrance into the global food market; degree of food trade protectionism; degree of integration with Western global trading institutions; and degree of involvement in the global food market. For the period since 2014, the chapter concludes that the frequency of Russia’s entrance into the global food market is likely to remain high as an annual importer and exporter. Agricultural protectionism is likely to remain selectively high. The degree of integration with Western trade institutions is likely to remain low. Russia’s degree of involvement with the global food market is likely to remain high.

Experience of trading institutions of Torgsin (trade with foreigners) with the population of Ivanovo Industrial Region in 1933-1935

The article is devoted to the study of the main forms of interaction between Torgsin (trade with foreigners) trading institutions and the population of Ivanovo Industrial Region in 1933–1935. The question of the evolution of Torgsin's own money issued to customers in exchange for surrendered values was investigated. The stages of replacement of trade orders with commodity books are indicated. Data on prices for basic food and industrial goods in Torgsin stores are presented, the dynamics of sales, factors that influenced the policy of lowering and raising prices. Legal documents were considered that contributed to improving the supply of goods to the population, as well as the issue of the ratio of Torgsin sales prices and Soviet industry selling prices. An assortment of domestic and imported goods is presented. Special attention is paid to the prices of collective farm markets of the largest towns of Ivanovo Industrial Region. The ratio of market and official rates of the gold and Soviet rouble was considered. The study allowed to consider the advantages and disadvantages in Torgsin's work with the population of the region. The direction of consumer demand has been studied. Based on a comparative analysis of Torgsin prices and the free market of the region, an idea of the level of accessibility of various groups of goods for buyers is made.

Analisis Sistem Tataniaga Cabai Merah di Desa Besakih, Kecamatan Rendang, Kabupaten Karangasem

Analysis of Red Chili Trading System in Besakih Village, Rendang Sub-Districtof Karangasem Regency Besakih village as one of the centers of red chilli production in Karangasem Regencyhas several marketing channels with different prices between producers andconsumers. This study aims to investigate the channels of trading, commercialinstitutions, and the red chili trading system in the Village of Besakih. The data usedwere quantitative and qualitative data. The analysis used descriptive qualitative.Respondents in the study were 38 farmers determined by proportional randomsampling method and 23 respondents of trading institutions determined by snowballsampling method. The research result was six channels of trading system, (1)Farmers – Local Assembly Trader’s - Retailers - Consumers; (2) Farmers - LocalAssembly Trader’s - Retailers - Consumers; (3) Farmers – Sub Terminal ofAgribusiness - Retailers - Consumers; (4) Farmers - Sub Terminal of Agribusiness -Retailers - Consumers; (5) Farmers - Sub Terminal of Agribusiness - Consumers; (6)Farmers - Sub Terminal of Agribusiness – Market in Lombok. The most efficienttrading channel was channel II. The trading agency consists of local assemblytrader’s / inter-city / inter-district traders, Sub Terminal of Agribusiness / inter-city /inter-district / inter island traders, traditional market retailers and supermarketretailers. Each of the trading system institution involved the three main functions ofexchange, physical function and facility function. However, the activities undertakenby each institution were different.