A evolução da efetividade da proteção interamericana dos direitos fundamentais e humanos

A CIDH (Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos) é um órgão principal e autônomo da Organização dos Estados Americanos (OEA) encarregado da promoção e proteção dos direitos humanos no continente americano. A Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos é uma instituição judiciária autônoma cujo objetivo é a aplicação e a interpretação da Convenção Americana sobre Direitos Humanos. Nesse contexto, este artigo propõe-se a (1) descrever o funcionamento do sistema continental de proteção aos direitos humanos; (2) examinar a efetividade das recomendações e decisões emitidas por seus dois principais órgãos, a Comissão e a Corte de Direitos Humanos, e seu impacto no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. The CIDI (Inter-American Commission on Human Rights) is a principal and autonomous body of the Organization of American States (OAS) charged with the promotion and protection of human rights in the Americas. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights is an autonomous judicial institution whose objective is the application and interpretation of the American Convention on Human Rights. In this context, this article proposes to (1) describe the functioning of the continental system for the protection of human rights; (2) examine the effectiveness of the recommendations and decisions issued by its two main bodies, the Commission and the Court of Human Rights, and their impact on the Brazilian legal system.

Part 2 National and Regional Reports, Part 2.5 Latin America: Coordinated by Lauro Gama and José Antonio Moreno Rodríguez, 53 Organization of American States: The OAS Guide and the Hague Principles

This chapter reflects on the relationship between the Guide of the Organization of American States on the Applicable Law to International Commercial Contracts (OAS Guide) and the Hague Principles. The OAS Guide has several objectives. It proposes a current statement of the law applicable to international commercial contracts for the Americas as based on the fundamental principles of the Inter-American Convention on the Law Applicable to International Contracts, commonly known as the ‘Mexico Convention’, and with the incorporation of subsequent developments in the field to date, particularly as codified in the Hague Principles. The Guide also seeks to support efforts by OAS Member States to modernize their domestic laws on international commercial contracts in accordance with international standards. It further provides assistance to contracting parties in the Americas and their counsel in drafting and interpreting international commercial contracts; and serves as guidance to judges and arbitrators, who may find the Guide useful both to interpret and supplement domestic laws, particularly on matters in international commercial contracts that are not addressed in such laws.

The course of integration processes in Latin America through the prism of CELAC activities

В настоящей статье рассматриваются вопросы интеграционного развития в государствах Латинской Америки и Карибского бассейна с учетом новых глобальных изменений. Анализируются вопросы сотрудничества СЕЛАК с Российской Федерацией, Китайской Народной Республикой, Организацией американских государств. This article examines the issues of integration development in Latin America and the Caribbean, taking into account new global changes. The issues of cooperation between CELAC and the Russian Federation, the People's Republic of China, and the Organization of American States are analyzed.

The Coup d'Etat in Bolivia: Internal and External Factors

The aim of the article is to reveal the mechanism of the coup d'etat in Bolivia in November 2019. Based on the research of Russian and foreign experts, as well as official documents of international organizations, a research center, speeches by world leaders, and the media, the authors analyze the internal causes and external factors that contributed to the overthrow of Evo Morales and the coming to power of the right opposition, oriented to the United States and supranational structures. The methods for the research were selected based on the requirements of a multilateral and systematic analysis of the domestic political situation in Bolivia, its cultural, historical, territorial, and economic characteristics, as well as foreign policy factors that influenced the situation in the country. A comparative analysis of the coup d'etat in Bolivia with the situation in some other Latin American states was done. The first section analyzes the domestic political situation in Bolivia, economic factors, and a number of actions by Evo Morales which led to the weakening of his position on the eve of the presidential election. The second section discusses the mechanism of influence of the Organization of American States on the election process in Bolivia. The influence of neo-fascist organizations, which receive external support and financing and became the main shock force of the coup d'etat, is investigated. The channels of influence of international players and organizations on the internal political processes of Bolivia are studied. The authors infer that the ousted president did not solve the task of creating and implementing a development project for all social and ethnic groups of Bolivia while maintaining their own support and state sovereignty. In addition, the authors give a critical assessment to the decision of the Bolivian leadership led by Evo Morales to entrust election monitoring exclusively to the Organization of American States where the US position dominates. The authors suggest that, for political support, in the monitoring of the election, Evo Morales should have involved representatives of states and organizations not controlled by Washington, for example, from the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. For the first time, the authors reveal and thoroughly study the trigger mechanism for activating a coup d'etat using technologies for dismantling political regimes adapted to Bolivian conditions. They conclude that, in fact, counteraction to left-wing political regimes by the United States in Latin America is de facto a continuation of the formally completed Operation Condor, but using modern technologies to eliminate the unwanted regime in a particular country in new geopolitical conditions.