para-Selective Cyanation of Arenes by H-Bonded Template

The significance of site selective functionalization stands upon the superior selectivity, easy synthesis and diverse product utility. In this work we demonstrate the <i>para</i>-selective introduction of versatile nitrile moiety, enabled by detachable and reusable H-bonded auxiliary. The methodology holds its efficiency irrespective of substrate electronic bias. The conspicuous shift in the step energetics was probed by both experimental and computational mechanistic tools heralds the inception of <i>para</i>-deuteration. The synthetic impact of the methodology was highlighted with reusability of directing group and post synthetic modifications

para-Selective Cyanation of Arenes by H-Bonded Template

The significance of site selective functionalization stands upon the superior selectivity, easy synthesis and diverse product utility. In this work we demonstrate the <i>para</i>-selective introduction of versatile nitrile moiety, enabled by detachable and reusable H-bonded auxiliary. The methodology holds its efficiency irrespective of substrate electronic bias. The conspicuous shift in the step energetics was probed by both experimental and computational mechanistic tools heralds the inception of <i>para</i>-deuteration. The synthetic impact of the methodology was highlighted with reusability of directing group and post synthetic modifications

MARKETING TOOLS USED BY THE SHARING ECONOMY PLATFORMS IN TOURISM: THE SPECIFIC ROLE OF PRICES

Purpose. Analysis of the method of using price as a marketing tool on the example of selected cities with strong tourist function (empirical study); indication of other non-price ways of gaining competitive advantage (e.g. quality, scope of additional services) – based on empirical research, secondary sources and market analysis. Method. The article was based on the deductive approach and the results of the empirical study of offers placed by: 3* hotels, Airbnb hosts and Interhome in three metropolitan centres with developed tourist functions (Warsaw, Krakow, Prague). On the basis of the average price for 1 night (μ) and the product utility index (ή), the synthetic coefficient was calculated showing the price-to-utility relationship and allowing comparison of the price of services including the elements contained therein. Findings. The results of the empirical study allow to use two measures of price competitiveness assessment and the use of price as a marketing tool by selected service providers: the average price per night spent by the guest (μ) and the product utility index for the customer (ή). The research allowed to show the use of price as a tool of marketing impact in the area of sharing economy in tourism. Research and conclusions limitations. The sample contains all offers that meet the established criteria. The study fully reflects the situation in three selected metropolitan centres. Practical implications. The article has no direct practical implications, although the presented method and formulated conclusions can be used to improve price analysis tools in the area of tourism, taking into account the sharing economy. Originality. In the current research, the problem of using prices as a marketing tool in the area of sharing economy in tourism is rarely undertaken. Type of paper. The article presents both theoretical concepts and the results of empirical research.

A Sustainable Innovation—Additional Services for Products Based on Personalised Customer Value

As a sustainable innovation, offering additional services for products (ASP) is rapidly emerging as an increasingly important consideration for manufactories. Although additional services can increase enhance product utility, there is no guarantee that they will be accepted by customers. This may lead to a waste of product and service resources. Customer acceptance is a prerequisite for sustainability. However, existing service evaluation methods do not support the evaluation of customer acceptance of ASP prior to implementation. We confirmed that customer value can be used to evaluate customer acceptance of ASP based on the conclusion that this factor plays a decisive role in customer acceptance and customer value can be used to evaluate products and services. Then we establish an evaluation model to measure the difference in customer value between products with and without ASP. Utility, input, and supply–demand coefficient were used to quantitatively describe the personalised customer value of customer segments. This approach supports manufacturers in the process of estimating customer acceptance of ASP prior to the allocation of service resources to the implementation of procedure. Using this model, manufactories can provide the most acceptable ASP for different customer groups with less service resources. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method to measure customer acceptance were established based on the measurement of customer value of the ASP in the case of portable fire extinguishers.

Influences of Online Negative Word of Mouth on Purchase Intention

This study presents two experiments that examine the influence of electronic negative word of mouth (e-NWOM). Experiment 1 investigated perceived credibility based on 2 (product awareness: high / low) × 2 (strength of WOM: high / low) × 2 (product type: search good / experience good). Experiment 2 investigated purchase intention based on 2 (product utility: high / low). The experiments involved 530 people from Taiwan. The results indicated that high product awareness and weak e-WOM have less influence on consumer perceived credibility of the e-WOM. E-NWOM for a search good has less influence on consumer perceived credibility than for an experience good. The results also indicated that high utility of products increase sales.

The Effect of Product Labeling Policies in Supply Chain under Asymmetric Information

Measuring and analyzing product labeling policies in supply chain processes is a largely unexplored topic. This paper analyzes the reasons why suppliers may pursue different product labeling policies in asymmetric information and how this affects buyers' product utility in the context of supply chain collaboration. In an asymmetric information environment, where suppliers know the quality of the goods they are selling and buyers are not able to distinguish between them, the quality buyers select to protect by a label depends on buyer's preferences for and production costs of different qualities. Suppliers with different distributions of tastes and/or different production functions will thus decide to label differently. When they collaborate, product utility effects will be different on the buyer as a whole and on different types of buyers within each buyer depending on whether buyers select to mutually recognize each other's labeling policy or to harmonize their policies. In particular, it will be the case that a buyer with weak preferences for high quality will oppose the introduction of an international, harmonized label as it is better off under a regime of mutual recognition. When suppliers only differ in their costs of producing quality instead, none of the suppliers or buyers will lose from a move towards supply chain collaboration under an international, harmonized label.

Analisis Berbagai Faktor Yang Dipertimbangkan Dalam Melakukan Segmentasi Pasar Berdasarkan Benefit Dan Preferensi Pada Perusahaan Asuransi di Malang

Objective of the research is to find out the considered factor for market segmentation at the insurance company in Malang based on benefit and preference approaches. Data analysis used factor analysis in order to find out any considered factors in performing market segmentation based on benefit and preference approaches. Result of the research shows five dimensions or factor, which are considered in performing market segmentation based on benefit and preference approaches of the customers at the insurance company in Malang. Those factors are is as fellow experiences of the company, product utility, varieties of the product, services and income. Result implication of the research for the insurance company in Malang shows that the segmentation should be directed to customers who pay more attention an reliability of the company and customers who look for utility of the insurance product as well as customers who get wage from side jobs in addition to monthly pay.