A Study on the Durability of Fire Hoses of Fire Hydrants

Although the number of fires has not changed considerably in recent times, property damage and casualties due to fires are increasing every year. Maintaining the performance of fire-fighting facilities installed in buildings has been emphasized for maximizing human safety and minimizing property damage caused by fires. As a result, since 2017, the maintenance of fire extinguishers throughout their service life, has been mandated. In case of a fire, initial fire extinguishing and fire spreading prevention are crucial. There have been no available measures for the maintenance and verification of indoor fire hydrants and outdoor fire hydrant hoses used for extinguishing fires and preventing combustion expansion. This study was therefore intended to present measures for ascertaining the service life of these fire extinguishers, by evaluating their firefighting abilities through sample analysis and case analysis of the fire hoses. Research shows that the degradation of performance of the fire hoses becomes evident between 9 and 10 years, so that 10 years of service life is considered appropriate for the fire hoses.

An integrated approach for fire extinguishers selection with DEMATEL and TODIM methods

Fire is a type of disaster that has caused significant loss of property and life from past to present. If the necessary measures are not taken, they cause serious property damage, interruption of processes, death and injury. Especially in industrial facilities, the density of flammable, explosive and hazardous chemicals, chimneys, hot surfaces, static electricity and electrical hazards, hot work increases the risk of fire. Therefore, necessary precautions should be taken. The choice of extinguisher device, which includes both passive and active precaution in fire safety, provides the correct intervention in case of possible fire. In case of being a fire, it is necessary to quickly and easily extinguish without damaging the system. For this reason, choosing the right extinguisher is important. In this study, effective criteria were determined by negotiating with supplier companies for the selection of suitable fire extinguishers. After scoring for the criteria, the weights of the criteria were determined by DEMATEL method. With TODIM method, appropriate fire extinguishing agent selection and sequencing were made.

TINJAUAN KESIAPAN PEKERJA DALAM PENANGGULANGAN DARURAT KEBAKARAN DI GEDUNG INSTALASI GIZI RUMAH SAKIT JIWA TAMPAN PROVINSI RIAU TAHUN 2020

Instalasi gizi di rumah sakit menjadi tempat yang berpotensi tinggi menyebabkan kebakaran karena di instalasi gizi terdapat pekerjaan memasak, dimana pekerjaan tersebut sangat berisiko karena langsung berhadapan dengan api dan tabung gas. Untuk itu perlu dilakasanakan program tanggap darurat agar bahaya tersebut dapat diminimalisir. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui mengenai kesiapan pekerja dalam penanggulangan darurat kebakaran di gedung instalasi gizi rumah sakit jiwa tampan tahun 2020. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dilakukan di gedung instalasi gizi Rumah Sakit Jiwa Tampan Riau pada tangga 7-9 Juli tahun 2020. Informan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 3 orang terdiri dari Sekretaris komite K3, Kepala instalasi gizi, dan Karyawan instalasi gizi. Instrumen pendukung yang digunakan pedoman wawancara, yang terdapat pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang sesuai dengan fokus penelitian. Peneliti juga menggunakan alat bantu rekam, kamera, serta alat pencatat yang mendukung penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kesiapan pekerja dalam penanggulan darurat kebakaran khususnya dalam penggunaan APAR belum cukup siap, kesiapan dan pemahaman pekerja instalasi gizi terhadap proses evakuasi bila terjadi darurat kebakaran belum cukup siap, Akses menuju titik kumpul tidak sulit, hal ini sudah sesuai dengan Permen PU No.14/PRT/M/2017, namun jarak titik kumpul terlalu dekat, kurang dari 20 meter dengan bangunan gedung. Dapat disimpulkan kesiapan pekerja dalam penanggulangan darurat kebakaran di gedung instalasi gizi Rumah Sakit Jiwa Tampan Provinsi Riau belum cukup baik dikarnakan tidak semua pekerja mendapat pelatihan darurat kebakaran, untuk itu perlu pelatihan keseluruh pekerja sehingga bila terjadi darurat kebakaran semua pekerja sudah siap menghadapinya. The nutrition installation in the hospital is a place that has a high potential to cause fires because in the nutrition installation there is cooking work, where the work is very risky because it is directly dealing with fire and gas cylinders. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out an emergency response program so that these hazards can be minimized. The purpose of the study was to find out about the readiness of workers in dealing with fire emergencies in the nutrition installation building of the handsome mental hospital in 2020. This type of research used qualitative research, the research location was carried out in the nutrition installation building of the Tampan Riau Mental Hospital, the study was carried out in July 2020. There were 3 informants in this study, consisting of the secretary of the K3 committee, the head of the nutrition installation, and the employees of the nutrition installation. Collecting data using interview guidelines, and observation sheets. The results showed that the readiness of workers in dealing with fire emergencies, especially in the use of fire extinguishers, was not quite ready, the readiness and understanding of nutrition installation workers for the evacuation process in the event of a fire emergency was not quite ready. 14/PRT/M/2017, but the meeting point is too close, less than 20 meters from the building.

The Study of Fire-extinguishing Process of Modelled Fire Seats

Test-fires to determine fire-extinguishers’ efficiency for extinguishing B class fires are conducted by operators equipped with working clothes, which does not comply with the requirements of physical modelling. This is why the ranks of extinguished modelled seats are significantly overestimated. The quantitative results of fire seats’ extinguishing can be comparatively evaluated in accordance with the value of specific flow rate of a fire-extinguishing agent. As it was detected, the specific flow rate of a fire-extinguishing agent does not actually depend on the rank of modelled fire seat when extinguished by an operator wearing thermal-protective clothes. At the same time, it is increasing along with the expansion of the fire zone scale in case the fire is extinguished without special protective clothes. Consequently, to increase the fire-extinguisher’s efficiency data reliability, the certifying tests should be conducted in conditions close to the real application conditions when the first person to firefight is not equipped with such special protective clothes. The experimental studies to determine the specific flow rate of a fire-extinguishing agent used modelled fire seats of various ranks. The analysis of results showed that the fire-extinguishers ensuring generation of drops of prevailing size more than 0,5 mm are required to extinguish the modelled sire seats. The degree of increasing flow rate for the fire-extinguishing agent to eliminate a fire and observation of a safe distance from the flame for an operator are conditioned by the scale of fire zone and affect the specific flow rate of agent required to ensure stable fire-extinguishing. Based on the results of extinguishing the fire seats «34В» or «55В», it is demonstrated that via using a correction factor it is possible, assuming an acceptable error, to evaluate the flow rate of fire-extinguishing agent to extinguish a modelled fire seat of any rank.

Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Tentang Penggunaan Alat Pemadam Api Ringan (APAR) Berhubungan Dengan Sikap Dalam Penanggulangan Kebakaran

Fires can be prevented but the incidence is still quite high so it is important to know how to deal with them, especially in the use of light fire extinguishers (APAR). A fire incident requires a quick response to fire. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between students' knowledge about the use of a Light Fire Extinguisher (APAR) with fire prevention attitudes in the Chemistry Laboratory of Unitri Malang. The research design used cross sectional. The sample consisted of students of Chemical Engineering UNITRI Malang in the class of 2019 as many as 53 respondents who were taken using simple random sampling. Collecting data using questionnaires and analyzed by fisher-exact test. The results obtained that respondents have a good level of knowledge category (58.5%) and have a good attitude category (67.9%). Fisher-exact test analysis found that there was a relationship between students' knowledge about the use of fire extinguishers and attitudes in fire prevention. It is hoped that there will be training on the use of fire extinguishers on an ongoing basis and continuous socialization will be carried out after the training so that they can know how to deal with fires

Review of up-to-date approaches for extinguishing oil and petroleum products

The paper provides a review of up-to-date approaches for extinguishing oil and petroleum products. The variability of extinguishing methods and fire extinguishing agents is noted. Fire extinguishing agents used in extinguishing petroleum products are considered in more detailed way, and their environmental characteristics are discussed. The ambiguity of using various foams for extinguishing the fire is shown. A new method for extinguishing oil and petroleum products, based on the acoustic effect, and the capabilities of acoustic fire extinguishers for preventing and eliminating the combustible hydrocarbon fires, and their identification are analyzed. The further development of known approaches and the simultaneous emergence of innovative methods for extinguishing oil and petroleum products are shown. Keywords: oil; petroleum products; extinguishing agent; environmental characteristics; extinguishing foam; acoustic method.

Fire extinguishers and their purpose

The proper use of fire extinguishers in case of fire is an urgent task. Primary fire extinguishing agents are used to eliminate small fires and prevent the spread of fire before the arrival of the fire brigade. This allows minimizing the damage that can be caused to the enterprise and reducing the risk of fire brigade actions, and sometimes obviates the need for the evacuation of people.

On Physical Modeling of the Current Measurements in a Jet of Fire Extinguishing Agent

In accordance with the current regulations for extinguishing a fire, including without disconnecting electric power supply of direct (alternating) current of industrial frequency, fire extinguishers are allowed with a leakage current in a jet of extinguishing agent of not more than 500 µA, which is measured with an applied potential difference of 36 kV. Therefore, the recommendations for preliminary disconnection of electric power supply do not cover fire extinguishers that are certified according to the level of safe leakage current. The article deals with fire extinguishing agents based on aqueous solutions. It is obvious that the development of such fire extinguishers requires additional analytical and experimental research. The purpose of this article is the computational and physical modeling of the current leakage process, and the justification of the requirements for the parameters of the extinguishing agent flow at the outlet of the exhaust nozzle. As a result of the conducted research, the calculation methodоlogy and a scheme of the physical model of a high-voltage test bench for measuring the leakage current were developed based on measuring the active resistance of fire extinguishing agent flow in a constant voltage field and the electric capacitance of the measuring space of the test bench. The developed methodology allows to increase the reliability of the calculated results and significantly reduce the cost of working out the nozzle design. Measured at an applied voltage of 36 kV of industrial frequency, the amount of current leakage in a jet of the extinguishing agent is satisfactorily consistent with the calculation. The obtained computational and experimental results allowed to determine the range of permissible values of the active resistance and the requirements to the length of the continuous section of the jet of the extinguishing agent, which ensure safe use of the fire extinguisher for fire-fighting, including without disconnecting the electric power supply of the constant (alternating) current of industrial frequency with a voltage up to 1000 V.

Evaluasi Pelayanan Sarana Dan Prasarana Proteksi Kebakaran Pada Permukiman Perkotaan

The incidence of fires in the city of Sidoarjo in the last 5 years has increased. The main causes of the majority of fires were settlement activities and weeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of fire protection facilities and infrastructure services in the urban settlements of Sidoarjo City based on Minister of Public Works Regulation No.20 / PRT / M / 2009 concerning Technical Guidelines for Fire Protection Management. The study area consisted of Sidoarjo District, Candi District and Buduran District. The research approach used is descriptive evaluative research. The results showed that the level of fire protection facilities and infrastructure services in the city of Sidoarjo was still 48%, it needed an increase in the aspects of the completeness of the Fire Extinguishers building, the availability of fire stations and hydrants as well as increasing community participation.

The accuracy and reliability of comparative efficiency assessment of portable fire extinguishers used in the process of fire extinguishing of structural components of motor vehicles and automotive finishing

Introduction. The relevance of this work resides in the need to perform an unbiased comparative assessment of fire extinguishers. The focus must be placed on the efficiency of a fire-fighting agent, as it has a major impact on the process of fire extinguishing. The purpose of this work is to confirm the applicability of a dimensionless efficiency indicator of portable fire extinguishers, assess the measurement accuracy (correctness and precision) and their statistical values.Materials and methods. The co-authors used the methodology specified in GOST R 51057–2001 applicable to the fire extinguishing of class A model fire seats. The model fire seat had samples of materials attached to its upper edge at the angles whose values were obtained using a specialized test bed. A specialized test bed was used to perform the testing and identify the sample’s inclination angles that prevented the fire extinguishing agent, applied to their surface, from streaming down or crumbling. The accuracy (correctness and precision) was assessed pursuant to the methodologies specified in GOST R ISO 5725-1–2002, GOST R ISO 5725-6–2002. The statistical significance of measurements was assessed using Student’s t-test.Results and discussion. The co-authors offer the results of the experiments aimed at the identification of an inclination angle of the fire seat surface that prevents the fire extinguishing agent from streaming down or crumbling. The results of comparative fire testing of fire extinguishers that contain quick setting foam and powder are provided. The formula of a dimensionless efficiency indicator, applicable to portable fire extinguishers, is provided, and its applicability is proven.Conclusions. The measurement accuracy assessment, performed pursuant to the methodologies, specified in the regulations, has shown the effectiveness of mean arithmetic values of all indicators applied to calculate Peo efficiency indicator. The assessment of the statistical significance of experimentally obtained values of all indicators, performed with the help of Student’s t-test, has demonstrated that the discrepancy of their mean arithmetic values is reliable and it doesn’t have a random nature. The superiority of the quick setting foam extinguisher over the powder one was proven in an experiment. The value of its Peo efficiency indicator exceeds the one of a powder extinguisher 50-fold due to the comprehensive impact made by the extinguishing agent and the construction of a fire extinguisher.