Accessible Battery Model with Aging Dependency

Designed to store and discharge electrical energy, rechargeable batteries consist of elementary storage cell assemblies. Aging is affected by various aggravating factors, mainly temperature. There are many electric or electrochemical models which describe their operation. Most standard models do not consider the aging phenomena of batteries and their consequences, while batteries deteriorate when used or stored. Precisely, most battery models do not simulate the influence of cell aging on other cells. The model presented in this paper incorporates aging and the effects of mutual interactions between cells. The model can be established based on four measurement points on the cell characteristic curve and allows the simulation of a single cell’s or multiple coupled cells’ behavior. The model can then be easily implemented in simulation software like Matlab.

A Wirelessly Rechargeable AA Battery Using Electrodynamic Wireless Power Transmission

We report the design, fabrication, and characterization of a prototype that meets the form, fit, and function of a household 1.5 V AA battery, but which can be wirelessly recharged without removal from the host device. The prototype system comprises a low-frequency electrodynamic wireless power transmission (EWPT) receiver, a lithium polymer energy storage cell, and a power management circuit (PMC), all contained within a 3D-printed package. The EWPT receiver and overall system are experimentally characterized using a 238 Hz sinusoidal magnetic charging field and either a 1000 µF electrolytic capacitor or a lithium polymer (LiPo) cell as the storage cell. The system demonstrates a minimal operating field as low as 50 µTrms (similar in magnitude to Earth’s magnetic field). At this minimum charging field, the prototype transfers a maximum dc current of 50 µA to the capacitor, corresponding to a power delivery of 118 µW. The power effectiveness of the power management system is approximately 49%; with power effectiveness defined as the ratio between actual output power and the maximum possible power the EWPT receiver can transfer to a pure resistive load at a given field strength.

Calculation methodology of the energy indicators of an self-contained energy complex including gas turbine plants, wind-driven power plant and electric storage cell

To supply small cities with electric and thermal energy it is proposed to create selfcontained energy complex based on gas turbine plants (GTP), wind generators and electric storage cell. A scheme for the joint operation of these plants is offered, a methodology for calculating the quantitative characteristics of a wind power plant, gas turbines and electric storage cell is developed. Electric storage cell provide coverage the peak portion of the daily electrical load curve. The heat load is ensured by the operation of the waste-heat boiler and the peak boiler. Using the example of a power complex with an electric load of 5 MW and a heat load of 17.5 MW, the generation of electric energy by wind driven power plant and gas turbine plants, the supply of electric energy from electric storage cell, the heat loads of the waste-heat boiler and peak boiler by months of the year are calculated. When the power share of the wind power plant is 0.2, the electric storage cell provide for an annual period from 5.2 to 10.7 % of the daily demand of the electric load schedule. The electric power of the gas turbine plant in winter is reduced to 70 % of the maximum load of the consumer, in summer - up to 55 %. An increase in the relative share of the power of a WDPP reduces the electric capacity of a gas turbine plants, its cost, while the cost of electric storage cell increases.

Electron elastic scattering off a Tensor-polarized Deuterium Internal Target

The tensor analyzing power Γ20 in elastic electron-deuteron scattering has been measured in the four momentum transfer region between 1.4 and 3.2 fm~l using the Internal Target Facility at NIKHEF. Tensor-polarized deuterium is produced in an Atomic Beam Source and injected into a storage cell. Scattered electrons and recoil deuterons were detected in coincidence with two large acceptance nonmagnetic detectors.