Injection of Anti-proBDNF Attenuates Hippocampal-Dependent Learning and Memory Dysfunction in Mice With Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a risk factor for cognitive and memory dysfunction; however, the mechanism remains unclear. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was reported to have a positive effect on cognition and emotion regulation, but the study of its precursor, proBDNF, has been limited. This study aimed to elucidate the effects and associated mechanisms of hippocampal proBDNF in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced SAE mouse model. In this study, we found that the mice exhibited cognitive dysfunction on day 7 after LPS injection. The expression of proBDNF and its receptor, p75NTR, was also increased in the hippocampus, while the levels of BDNF and its receptor, TrkB, were decreased. A co-localization study showed that proBDNF and p75NTR were mainly co-localized with neurons. Furthermore, LPS treatment reduced the expression of NeuN, Nissl bodies, GluR4, NR1, NR2A, and NR2B in the hippocampus of SAE mice. Furthermore, an intrahippocampal or intraperitoneal injection of anti-proBDNF antibody was able to ameliorate LPS-induced cognitive dysfunction and restore the expression of NeuN, Nissl bodies, GluR4, NR1, NR2A, NR2B, and PSD95. These results indicated that treatment with brain delivery by an intrahippocampal and systemic injection of mAb-proBDNF may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for treating patients with SAE.

Novo-Lenino: criminal activity and rehabilitation

The results of a crime localization study in Russian cities are presented. A long-term model of urban environment influence on criminal intent is proposed. Social and spatial causes of rising criminal level and later urban reconstruction methods are shown on the example of Pruitt-Igoe (St. Louis) and Bijlmer (Amsterdam) districts. A model for the reconstruction of the Novo-Lenino district in Irkutsk is proposed. Measures have been developed considering the historical dynamics of the region and its unique features.

Dictyostelium Discoideum: Live Cell Imaging in Changing Perspective

The advent of advanced microscopes; during microscope evolution from simple microscopes to confocal and live cell microscope; having digital imaging facility revolutionized our view for the living cells. In the protein localization study, fluorescent proteins are tagged at amino or carboxyl (preferably) terminal of desired protein for live cell study. These live cell studies improved our understanding of protein dynamics and understanding its role in biological regulation. The mutational variants of fluorescent tags (GFP, RFP); can be used with different protein; which will efficiently use UV-Visible to Far Red light spectrum; without overlapping of excitation and emission spectrum. Further, various cell organelle (Lysosome, Golgi bodies, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Mitochondria, Nucleus) trackers; improved our live cell localization studies in the wide non-overlapping UV-Visible spectrum.This chapter gives an overview for live cell protein localization study in mitotically active, unicellular stage of Dictyostelium discoideum. This evolutionary cutting edge organism had both unicellular as well as multicellular stages during its life cycle. This chapter will provide the design of fusion of fluorescent tag to the specific gene and its live cell localization. Further, it will cover; transformation of the unicellular organism; drug based selection; sample preparation with nuclear, mitochondrial localization markers (trackers) and live cell localization study on live cell-confocal microscope setup. It will also have a glimpse of the design of fusion protein with an aspect of advantage and disadvantages.

Localization of the SureWash Pocket® mobile health app to Brazilian Portuguese

ABSTRACT Objectives: To localize the textual interface of the SureWash Pocket® mobile health app and to present the methodological experience used in the localization process. Method: Software localization study to Brazilian Portuguese. The localization process was carried out between December 2018 and June 2019 in the city of Cuiabá/MT, through six steps: permission to localize the software; two independent translations; synthesis of translations; evaluation of the validity of the textual interface by a Committee of Expert Judges; back translation; and publication. Results: The textual interfaces were organized into 107 items and analyzed by ten expert judges. In the first round, 64% of the items reached a pre-established minimum agreement level of 90%. During the second round, 39 remaining items were adapted according to consensual suggestions and the pre-final version was consolidated. Conclusion: The localization process suggests that the localized SureWash Pocket® is considered valid and can be used for an educational intervention on hand hygiene.