Supplemental Material: Early Paleozoic Cascadia-type active-margin evolution of the Dunhuang block (NW China): Geochemical and geochronological constraints

Table S1: U-Pb LA-ICP-MS data for zircons from granulite and amphibolite. Table S2: U-Pb LA-ICP-MS data for zircons from metapelite and metapsammite. Table S3: Zircon trace-element compositions from granulite and amphibolite. Table S4: Hf isotopic compositions for zircons from granulite and amphibolite.

Supplemental Material: Early Paleozoic Cascadia-type active-margin evolution of the Dunhuang block (NW China): Geochemical and geochronological constraints

Table S1: U-Pb LA-ICP-MS data for zircons from granulite and amphibolite. Table S2: U-Pb LA-ICP-MS data for zircons from metapelite and metapsammite. Table S3: Zircon trace-element compositions from granulite and amphibolite. Table S4: Hf isotopic compositions for zircons from granulite and amphibolite.

The Geochemical and Isotopic Record of Wilson Cycles in Northwestern South America: From the Iapetus to the Caribbean

Isotopic and geochemical data delineate passive margin, rift and active margin cycles in northwestern South America since ~623 Ma, spanning from the Iapetus Wilson Cycle. Ultramafic and mafic rocks record rifting associated with the formation of the Iapetus Ocean during 623–531 Ma, while the initiation of subduction of the Iapetus and Rheic oceans is recorded by continental arc plutons that formed during 499–414 Ma, with alternating compressive and extensional stages. Muscovite 40Ar/39Ar dates suggest there may have been a phase of Carboniferous metamorphism, although this remains tentative. A Passive margin was modified by active margin magmatism that started at ~294 Ma and culminated with collisional tectonics that signaled the final stages of the amalgamation of western Pangaea. Early Pangaea fragmentation included back-arc rifting during 245–216 Ma, leading to a Pacific active margin that spanned from 213–115 Ma. Trench retreat accelerated during 144–115 Ma, forming a highly attenuated continental margin prior to the collision of the Caribbean Large Igneous Province at ~75 Ma.

Petrology and geochemistry of metapelites from Asenitsa unit, Central Rhodope massif

Asenitsa unit metapelites (Central Rhodope massif) have a high variability in mineral, bulk chemical and trace element composition. Kyanite, staurolite and garnet are the major minerals in schists and show intensive retrograde change. Discrimination diagrams based on immobile trace elements indicate continental island arc or active margin setting of deposition.

The Revsegg and Kvitenut Allochthons, Scandinavian Caledonides: origins and evolutions in the Caledonian Wilson cycle

The Caledonian Orogen preserves the record of a complete Wilson cycle from rifting to continent-continent collision and orogenic collapse. The Revsegg Allochthon, the uppermost tectonostratigraphic unit of the Hardangervidda-Ryfylke Nappe Complex of the southern Scandinavian Caledonides, is an understudied example illustrating key temporal and tectonic stages in a Wilson cycle. It overlies 1600-1500 Ma gneisses of the Kvitenut Allochthon that were deformed, metamorphosed and juxtaposed onto the Dyrskard Allochthon at 1000 Ma. The Revsegg Allochthon consists of leucosome-bearing mica-schists with meta-sandstone, and amphibolite and granitoids lenses. The timing of sedimentation of metasedimentary rocks is constrained to the period 780 - 495 Ma, but its association with a 495 Ma bimodal mafic and felsic intrusive suite suggests concurrent sedimentation in a Cambrian extensional setting. The Revsegg Allochthon underwent peak metamorphism at 480-470 Ma, followed by several metamorphic stages from 460 to 440 Ma, probably at an active margin outboard of Baltica, as postulated for the eclogite-bearing Jæren Nappe to the southeast. The Revsegg Allochthon was thrust onto the Kvitenut-Dyrskard duplex from 437 Ma to 434 Ma during an early Scandian phase also recognized in the Seve Nappe. Syn-deformational pegmatites, emplaced at 428 Ma represent the final stage in the nappe stack development. Thematic collection: This article is part of the Caledonian Wilson cycle collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/caledonian-wilson-cycle

Hydrogeological dissimilarity of geodynamically different terranes

The article presents and analyzes the data on ground waters of active (suprapermafrost) and hindered (subpermafrost) water exchange of geodynamically different terrains in order to prove the hydrogeological importance of their historical and tectonic characteristics. On the example of Trans-Polar Chukotka it is shown that, under suprapermafrost conditions, the ubiquitous eluvial-deluvial nappes are the most water-abundant on the terrane – a fragment of the passive continental margin, whereas they are the least water-abundant on the terrains of the active margin. Hydrogeological situation changes under subpermafrost conditions: more permeable and water-retaining rocks compose the terranes of the active margin. These differences are associated with the level of rock tectonic decompaction and, accordingly, with different intensity of weathering processes in the terrane rocks of different geodynamic origin in suprapermafrost and subpermafrost conditions. The hypergenesis zone on the terranes of the passive continental margin features coarse-grained rock weathering products accumulated in relatively calm geological and historical environments, the aggregate is sandy. The terranes of the active margin, which underwent long-term subvertical and subhorizontal displacements contain more fine-grained weathering products; the aggregate includes sandy loam and clay sand. Since the permafrost strata in both Trans-Polar Chukotka and Eastern Siberia is greater than the depth of hypergene transformations, the terranes of the active continental margin, the rocks of which were impacted by tectonic decompaction processes, mainly of a strike-slip and thrust nature, feature greater water abundance in subpermafrost conditions.