A rotating piston engine with electric generator in serial hybrid propulsion system for use in light aircraft

Analysis of the possibility of using a rotary engine based electric generator to propell a powered sailplane. The paper presents analysis of utilising Wankel type enine as a power input for an electric generator in the motor glider propulsion system. This generator would be a part of the propulsion system of a hybrid motor glider using the AOS 71 motor glider airframe. In the research, the rotational characteristics of the LCR 407ti wankel engine were determined experimentally. Driving torque run, power and fuel consumption were determined as a function of engine speed. The obtained results are presented in diagrams. The conceptual diagram of the hybrid drive is presented. The electric generator was selected and its effectiveness, as well as the effectiveness of entire propulsion system was assessed from the motor glider's performance point of view. Basing on the research conducted, conclusions were drawn and there were indicated the objectives and directions of further research on hybrid propulsion with specific aerodynamic and mass limitations of the aircraft

Hybrid Propulsion System: Novel Propellant Design for Mars Ascent Vehicles

This chapter briefly introduces hybrid rocket propulsion for general audience. Advantageous of hybrid rockets over solids and liquids are presented. This chapter also explains how to design a test setup for hybrid motor firings. Hybrid propulsion provides sustainable, safe and low cost systems for space missions. Therefore, this chapter proposes hybrid propulsion system for Mars Ascent Vehicles. Paraffin wax is the fuel of the rocket. Propulsion system uses CO2/N2O mixture as the oxidizer. The goal is to understand the ignition capability of the CO2 as an in-situ oxidizer on Mars. CO2 is known as major combustion product in the nature. However, it can only burn with metallic powders. Thus, metallic additives are added in the fuel grain. Results show that CO2 increase slows down the chemical kinetics thus reduces the adiabatic flame temperature. Maximum flammability limit is achieved at 75% CO2 by mass in the oxidizer mixture. Flame temperature is 1700 K at 75% CO2. Ignition quenches below the 1700 K.

Voltage Unbalance Effect on the Behavior of IE2, IE3 And IE4 Induction Motor Classes

More than 30 million electric motors are sold every year in the world, in the last 20 years the appearance of more efficient electric motors resulted in the replacement of more than 70% of the old motors installed. New technologies are being presented by manufacturers as substitutes for the squirrel cage induction motor (SCIM). Given this scenario, studies should be carried out to analyze the performance of these motors in the same operating conditions to know their main advantages and drawbacks. This study presents a comparison of the performance of electric motors classes IE2, IE3 and IE4 in the presence of voltage unbalance (VU) with under and over voltage. Results show that not only the unbalance percentage present impacts the motor performance, but also the magnitudes of the voltages present. The VU also results in an increase in the harmonics present in each motor, mainly in the permanent magnet hybrid motor, which presents non-linear characteristics.

Design of a Single and Dual Hybrid Piezoelectric Motors

In this paper, a new hybrid piezoelectric motor was developed. A range of degeneracy was found to obtain multiple choice of resonance frequency by adjusting the length of the elastic blocks neighboring to the longitudinal and torsional vibrators. A template was implemented in between the longitudinal and torsional vibrators to decrease the mutual vibration effect that effectively makes the calculated and actual driving frequency nearly close. Such configuration was instrumental to preserve the expected performance and reduce the trial-and-error design overhaul process of the elastic blocks. Moreover, a dual hybrid motor was easily formed by butting each stator of the two hybrid motors together with a rotor in the middle. Case studies of both single and dual hybrid motors are presented with both simulation and experimental results to demonstrate the structure design and the degeneracy approach. Besides the convenience of structurally combining two single hybrid motors to enhance the output, it was interesting to find out whether the proposed dual hybrid motor can significantly increase either the speed or torque by using different phase control methods. Therefore, using the dual hybrid motor provides a great advantage by providing an option for pursuing higher speed or larger torque output for certain applications.

Combining a Cognitive Concurrent Task with a Motor or Motor-Cognitive Task: Which Is Better to Differentiate Levels of Affectation in Parkinson’s Disease?

Introduction. Cognitive decline usually coexists with motor impairment in PD. Multitask settings provide appropriate measures to evaluate the complex interaction between motor and cognitive impairments. The main objective was to analyze which concurrent task, i. e., motor or hybrid motor-cognitive, in combination with a cognitive task better differentiates between PD patients with mild and moderate levels of disease. Methods. Thirty-seven individuals (19 male and 18 female) with idiopathic PD performed dual and triple tasks combining a cognitive task (phonemic fluency) with motor (pedaling) and/or cognitive-motor hybrid (tracking) tasks. Mild and moderate disability PD groups were specified considering the Hoehn and Yahr scale. Mixed ANOVA analyses for each of the concurrent task were carried out to test differences between the single and dual or triple condition performances comparing the low and high PD disability groups. Supplementary mixed ANCOVA analysis was performed considering the cognitive status as the covariate. Results. The only significant differences between disability PD groups were found for performances in the cognitive-motor hybrid (tracking) task, both in dual and triple conditions. Our results showed a better performance for the mild rather than for the moderate disability group in the single condition task and a significant decline of the mild disability group in the dual and triple condition when compared to the levels of those shown by the moderate disability group. The group-condition interaction remained significant when the cognitive status was statistically controlled. Conclusion. The hybrid of motor-cognitive task combining with a cognitive task (i. e., fluency) successfully differentiated between mild and moderate PD patients in the context of dual and triple multitask sets even when the cognitive status was statistically controlled. Our results highlight the importance of jointly measuring the complex interplay between motor and cognitive skills in PD.