Calculating the homology and intersection form of a 4-manifold from a trisection diagram

Given a diagram for a trisection of a 4-manifold X, we describe the homology and the intersection form of X in terms of the three subgroups of H1(F;Z) generated by the three sets of curves and the intersection pairing on H1(F;Z). This includes explicit formulas for the second and third homology groups of X as well an algorithm to compute the intersection form. Moreover, we show that all (g;k,0,0)-trisections admit “algebraically trivial” diagrams.

Characterization of signed Gauss paragraphs and skew-symmetric graded matrices

In this paper, we use theory of embedded graphs on oriented and compact [Formula: see text]-surfaces to construct minimal realizations of signed Gauss paragraphs. We prove that the genus of the ambient surface of these minimal realizations can be seen as a function of the maximum number of Carter’s circles. For the case of signed Gauss words, we use a generating set of [Formula: see text], given in [G. Cairns and D. Elton, The Planarity problem for signed Gauss world, J. Knots Theor. Ramif. 2(4) (1993) 359–367], and the intersection pairing of immersed [Formula: see text]-normal curves to present a short solution of the signed Gauss word problem. We relate this solution with the one given by Cairns and Elton. Moreover, we define the join operation on signed Gauss paragraphs to produce signed Gauss words such that both can be realized on the same minimal genus [Formula: see text]-surface. We connect the characterization of signed Gauss paragraph with the recognition virtual links problem. Also we present a combinatorial algorithm to compute, in an easier way, skew-symmetric graded matrices [V. Turaev, Cobordism of knots on surfaces, J. Topol. 1(2) (2008) 285–305] for virtual knots through the concept of triplets [M. Toro and J. Rodríguez, Triplets associated to virtual knot diagrams, Rev. Integración (2011)]. Therefore, we can prove that the Kishino’s knot is not classical, moreover, we prove that the virtual knots of the family [Formula: see text] given in [H. A. Dye, Virtual knots undetected by [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]-strand bracket polynomials, Topol. Appl. 153 (2005) 141–160] are not classical knots.

The Spread Philosophy in the Study of Algebraic Cycles

This chapter discusses the spread philosophy in the study of algebraic cycles, in order to make use of a geometry by considering a variation of Hodge structure where D is the Hodge domain (or the appropriate Mumford–Tate domain) and Γ‎ is the group of automorphisms of the integral lattice preserving the intersection pairing. If we have an algebraic cycle Z on X, taking spreads yields a cycle Ƶ on X. Applying Hodge theory to Ƶ on X gives invariants of the cycle. Another related situation is algebraic K-theory. For example, to study Kₚsuperscript Milnor(k), the geometry of S can be used to construct invariants.

Descente galoisienne sur le groupe de Brauer

Soit X une variété projective et lisse sur un corps k de caractéristique zéro. Le groupe de Brauer de X s'envoie dans les invariants, sous le groupe de Galois absolu de k, du groupe de Brauer de la même variété considérée sur une clôture algébrique de k. Nous montrons que le quotient est fini. Sous des hypothèses supplémentaires, par exemple sur un corps de nombres, nous donnons des estimations sur l'ordre de ce quotient. L'accouplement d'intersection entre les groupes de diviseurs et de 1-cycles modulo équivalence numérique joue ici un rôle important. For a smooth and projective variety X over a field k of characteristic zero we prove the finiteness of the cokernel of the natural map from the Brauer group of X to the Galois-invariant subgroup of the Brauer group of the same variety over an algebraic closure of k. Under further conditions, e.g., over a number field, we give estimates for the order of this cokernel. We emphasise the rôle played by the exponent of the discriminant groups of the intersection pairing between the groups of divisors and curves modulo numerical equivalence.

DUALITY IN FILTERED FLOER–NOVIKOV COMPLEXES

We prove that a certain bilinear pairing (analogous to the Poincaré–Lefschetz intersection pairing) between filtered sub- and quotient complexes of a Floer-type chain complex and of its "opposite complex" is always nondegenerate on homology. This implies a duality relation for the Oh–Schwarz-type spectral invariants of these complexes which (in Hamiltonian Floer theory) was established in the special case that the period map has discrete image by Entov and Polterovich. The duality relation served as a key lemma in Entov and Polterovich's construction of a Calabi quasimorphism on certain rational symplectic manifolds, and the result that we prove here implies that their construction remains valid when the rationality hypothesis is dropped. Apart from this, we also use the nondegeneracy of the pairing to establish a new formula for what we have previously called the boundary depth of a Floer chain complex; this formula shows that the boundary depth is unchanged under passing to the opposite complex.

Arithmetic E8 Lattices with Maximal Galois Action

We construct explicit examples of E8 lattices occurring in arithmetic for which the natural Galois action is equal to the full group of automorphisms of the lattice, i.e., the Weyl group of E8. In particular, we give explicit elliptic curves over Q(t) whose Mordell-Weil lattices are isomorphic to E8 and have maximal Galois action.Our main objects of study are del Pezzo surfaces of degree 1 over number fields. The geometric Picard group, considered as a lattice via the negative of the intersection pairing, contains a sublattice isomorphic to E8. We construct examples of such surfaces for which the action of Galois on the geometric Picard group is maximal.