ORIENTATION OF PIECEWISE POWERS OF A MINIMAL HOMEOMORPHISM

We show that, given a compact minimal system $(X,g)$ and an element h of the topological full group $\tau [g]$ of g, the infinite orbits of h admit a locally constant orientation with respect to the orbits of g. We use this to obtain a clopen partition of $(X,G)$ into minimal and periodic parts, where G is any virtually polycyclic subgroup of $\tau [g]$ . We also use the orientation of orbits to give a refinement of the index map and to describe the role in $\tau [g]$ of the submonoid generated by the induced transformations of g. Finally, we consider the problem, given a homeomorphism h of the Cantor space X, of determining whether or not there exists a minimal homeomorphism g of X such that $h \in \tau [g]$ .

Occupational Science Concepts Essential to Occupation-Based Practice: Development of Expert Consensus

Importance: What occupational science (OS) knowledge may be essential to occupational therapy practice has not been systematically explored. Objective: To identify and gain expert consensus on OS concepts viewed as essential to occupational therapy practice. Design: A complex, convergent mixed-methods Delphi design with an international panel of OS experts randomly assigned to two parallel groups. In Round 1, each group generated OS concepts; in Rounds 2 and 3, they rated the degree to which each concept was essential to occupational therapy. Data were analyzed separately for each group. A fourth round combined the two groups and used carefully merged concept definitions from both groups to validate consensus on essential concepts arising from the prior rounds. Participants: Fifty-two nominated experts from 22 countries who met a priori criteria participated in the 14-mo study. Results: Of 62 experts invited, 52 (Group A = 24, Group B = 28) participated in the first round, and 42 (81%) completed the full-group final round. Eleven concepts met the consensus threshold (≥70%) established for the study. Additional analysis compared parallel- and full-group results to carefully discern conceptual similarities and differences, especially with near-consensus concepts. Conclusions and Relevance: Substantial expert agreement was established for several OS concepts viewed as essential, providing a basis for future studies to refine the concepts for occupational therapy education and practice. What This Article Adds: The results of this research provide a systematically derived preliminary basis for selecting OS content for occupational therapy educational programs and preliminary concepts for organizing OS knowledge germane to occupational therapy practice.

SoTL and the Humanities

In this article, we share themes and tensions experienced by humanities faculty undertaking a scholarship of teaching & learning (SoTL) project as part of a multi-campus, grant-funded initiative. Faculty participants in the project iteratively transformed a course to improve one or more aspects of their students’ learning over a three-year period and documented the process and results in a course portfolio. To support their individual and collaborative work, each of the four campuses had a local leader, and participants met regularly with campus teams, convening with the full group annually for cross-campus knowledge exchange and peer review. At the project conclusion campus leaders gathered participant reflections and discovered a pattern of tensions that included: disciplinary ways of knowing, ways to represent knowing, and ways of writing and sharing. These tensions are similar to those identified elsewhere and can be potential impediments to this work for some in the humanities. Explicitly addressing those potential tensions while helping faculty see how their own disciplinary approaches can help them investigate their course practices is a useful first step toward more contributions from humanities scholars.

Abstract P077: Trends In Prevalence Of Cardiometabolic Diseases By Food Security Status, 1999-2016

Introduction: Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), which include coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension (HTN), type 2 diabetes (DM) and obesity, are an interrelated set of highly preventable conditions. Food insecurity, another pervasive public health issue, is associated with CMDs. We aim to characterize the prevalence of CMD by food security (FS) status over time. Hypothesis: Prevalence of DM and obesity increased while that of HTN and CHD decreased over time, with pervasive disparities among FS status. Methods: Adults ≥20 years from the 1999-2016 NHANES were included in this analysis. CMD outcomes included DM (prior diagnosed or FPG≥126 mg/dL or HbA1c ≥6.5%), CHD (prior diagnosis of myocardial infarction, angina or any other type of CHD), obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 ) and HTN (≥1 of the following: systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥130 mmHg, diastolic BP ≥80, or currently taking BP medications). FS status was measured through the US Household Food Security Survey Module and recategorized into three levels (full, marginal and low). All estimates were age-standardized to the 2010 US census population. All analyses accounted for the complex survey design. Logistic regressions were conducted to calculate P-values. Results: Our sample included 46,879 adults (79.5% of full, 7.67% of marginal and 12.8% of low FS). HTN prevalence decreased from 50% to 44.4% among the full FS group and from 54.9% to 50.4% among the marginal group (P-trends<0.001, P-interaction=0.009). CHD prevalence decreased from 6.33% to 4.81% (P-trend<0.001) among the full group. Obesity prevalence increased from 31.0% to 38.0% among the full group and from 38.3% to 50.5% among the low group (P-trend<0.001, P-interaction=0.02). DM prevalence increased from 8.30% to 11.3% for the full group, from 14.9% to 21.8% for the marginal group and from 14.8% to 20.1% for the low group (P-trend<0.001) ( Figure ). Conclusion: From 1999 to 2016, the prevalence of CMDs were lowest among participants who were in full FS group and disparities by FS status persisted or worsened.

Adrenal Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: The Effects of a Full and Empty Stomach on Radiation Dose to Organs at Risk

BackgroundStereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) has been reported to be curative in the treatment of oligometastases to the adrenal glands. However, the adrenals are surrounded by radiation-sensitive organs. We performed an Organ at Risk (OAR) analysis for SBRT to the left adrenal gland based on gastric state.Patients and MethodsTwenty random stomachs were divided into “empty” or “full” groups of 10 each based on size. The PTV dose was 54 Gy/6 fx and D 95 coverage of PTV(CTV) (the dose to 95% of the PTV volume). ResultsThe gastric OAR dose in the empty group was significantly lower than the full group. The OAR dose to the left kidney in the empty group was significantly higher than in the full group.ConclusionThe smaller the stomach size, the lower the dose to the stomach. It is therefore better to perform SBRT on patients with an empty stomach.

Sublingual microcirculatory alterations during the immediate and early postoperative period: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Study objective: To systematically review the literature regarding the presence of sublingual microcirculatory alterations during the immediate and early postoperative period. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis searching PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Patients/interventions: Studies comparing sublingual microcirculation before and after surgery. Measurement: The primary outcome was to investigate the severity of microcirculatory alterations during the immediate and early postoperative period in adult patients undergoing non-cardiac and cardiac surgery. Main results: Among 17 eligible studies, 13 were finally analyzed. A non-statistically significant difference was found between preoperative and postoperative total vessel density (p=0.084; estimate: -0.029; 95% CI: -0.31 to 0.26; I2 = 22.55%, Q = 10.23, p=0.24). Perfused vessel density significantly decreased postoperatively (p=0.035; estimate: 0.344; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.66; I2 = 65.66%, Q = 41.77, p<0.001), while perfused boundary region significantly increased postoperatively (p=0.031; estimate: -0.415; 95% CI: -0.79 to -0.03; I2 = 37.21%, Q = 6.56, p=0.16). Microvascular flow index significantly decreased postoperatively (p=0.028; estimate: 0. 587; 95% CI: 0.06 to 1.11; I2 = 86.09%, Q = 96.28, p<0.001), while a non-statistically significant difference was found between preoperative and postoperative proportion of perfused vessels (p=0.089; estimate: 0.53; 95% CI: -0.08 to 1.14; I2 = 70.71%, Q = 18.99, p=0.002). The results in the non-cardiac surgery subgroup were comparable with the full group except that a statistically non-significant difference in PVD was found in the remaining seven studies (p=0.19; estimate: 0.26; 95% CI: -0.13 to 0.66; I2 = 71.94%, Q = 33.42, p=0.002). The other parameters did not differ significantly from their respective full group results. Conclusions: Significant sublingual microcirculatory alterations are present during the immediate and early postoperative period.

Groups with infinite FC-center have the Schmidt property

We show that every countable group with infinite finite conjugacy (FC)-center has the Schmidt property, that is, admits a free, ergodic, measure-preserving action on a standard probability space such that the full group of the associated orbit equivalence relation contains a non-trivial central sequence. As a consequence, every countable, inner amenable group with property (T) has the Schmidt property.

Adrenal Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: The Effects of a Full and Empty Stomach on Radiation Dose to Organs at Risk

IntroductionAdrenal recurrence after radical resection of the primary lesion is common. However, the adrenal glands are surrounded by radiosensitive organs such as the pancreas, kidneys, small intestine, and stomach. Treatment planning therefore requires many regulations due to the dose limit to the organ at risk. Radiotherapy can be adjusted for gastric capacity. We therefore performed an OAR analysis for SBRT to the left adrenal gland based on gastric state (empty or full stomach) at the time of irradiation. We examined whether it was possible to reduce the dose to OAR.Materials and MethodsA sample of 20 randomly selected stomachs was arranged in descending order from largest to the smallest size and divided into two groups of 10. The “empty group” is defined as the smaller stomach group (n = 10), while the “full group” is the larger stomach group (n = 10). Planning target volume (PTV) adds a 3 mm margin to the GTV. The prescribed PTV dose was 54 Gy / 6 fx and D 95 coverage of PTV(CTV) (the dose to 95% of the PTV volume). We compared the difference in OAR radiation dose between the two stomach volume groups.ResultsGastric OAR dose in the empty group was significantly lower than in the full group (D5 and D10). However, the OAR dose to the left kidney in the empty group was statistically significantly higher than in the full group (V12, V15, and V21).ConclusionWhen SBRT was performed on the left adrenal gland, it was found that the smaller the stomach size, the lower the radiation dose to the stomach. The stomach is an abdominal organ that can be artificially resized. It is therefore better to perform SBRT on patients who have an empty stomach.

Cohomology groups, continuous full groups and continuous orbit equivalence of topological Markov shifts

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>We will study several subgroups of continuous full groups of one-sided topological Markov shifts from the view points of cohomology groups of full group actions on the shift spaces. We also study continuous orbit equivalence and strongly continuous orbit equivalence in terms of these subgroups of the continuous full groups and the cohomology groups.</p>

TESTING A METACOGNITIVE REGULATION APPROACH FOR JUDGMENT OF SATIATION: MIGHT HUNGER AND FULLNESS NOT BE THE POLAR OPPOSITES OF THE SAME DIMENSION?

Despite the existence of several cognitive influences, metacognitive factors on eating and satiation still remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated a relatively recent metacognitive regulation approach and its measurement method in a lab-experiment. Participants (N=216) were shown photografs of varying portions of common lunch foods (selected after a separate study, N=94) and asked to make predicted judgments of satiation (JOS) for each via considering their actual hunger levels and whilst imagining other bodily states (e.g., extremely hungry and completely full). Differences calculated between observed-JOS and their reference scores -those presumed to yield accurate matches for the cases- produced either deviances or none at all (discordant- or concordant-JOS). Hungry-group yielded significantly lower concordant-JOS percentage than full-group regardless of portion size, indicating a clearer cognitive tendency to lose control over consumption when being hungry than satiated. Critically, full-group could not imagine extreme hunger as hungry-group whereas hungry-group imagined complete fullness just as full-group did, suggesting that whilst hunger was not an obstacle to imagine fullness, fullness hindered the ability to imagine hunger. These findings suggest that hunger and fullness might not be the polar opposites on the very same dimension, which would, for instance, reveal a need to revisit the treatments of eating disorders accordingly. Keywords: Metacognition, eating, dietary control, satiation, hunger, fullness