Smart Contact Tracing and Classifier System for Covid-19 Cases

The growing shreds of evidence and spread of COVID-19 in recent times have shown that to effortlessly and optimally tackle the rate at which COVID-19 infected individuals affect uninfected individuals has become a pressing challenge. This demands the need for a smart contact tracing method for COVID-19 contact tracing. This paper reviewed and analysed the available contact tracing models, contact tracing applications used by 36 countries, and their underlined classifier systems and techniques being used for COVID-19 contact tracing, machine learning classifier methods and ways in which these classifiers are evaluated. The incremental method was adopted because it results in a step-by-step rule set that continually changes. Three categories of learning classifier systems were also studied and recommended the Smartphone Mobile Bluetooth (BLE) and Michigan learning classifier system because it offers a short-range communication that is available regardless of the operating system and classifies based on set rules quickly and faster.

A Coordinated Air Defense Learning System Based on Immunized Classifier Systems

Autonomous (unmanned) combat systems will become an integral part of modern defense systems. However, limited operational capabilities, the need for coordination, and dynamic battlefield environments with the requirement of timeless in decision-making are peculiar difficulties to be solved in order to realize intelligent systems control. In this paper, we explore the application of Learning Classifier System and Artificial Immune models for coordinated self-learning air defense systems. In particular, this paper presents a scheme that implements an autonomous cooperative threat evaluation and weapon assignment learning approach. Taking into account uncertainties in a successful interception, target characteristics, weapon type and characteristics, closed-loop coordinated behaviors, we adopt a hierarchical multi-agent approach to coordinate multiple combat platforms to achieve optimal performance. Based on the combined strengths of learning classifier system and artificial immune-based algorithms, the proposed scheme consists of two categories of agents; a strategy generation agent inspired by learning classifier system, and strategy coordination inspired by Artificial Immune System mechanisms. An experiment in a realistic environment shows that the adopted hybrid approach can be used to learn weapon-target assignment for multiple unmanned combat systems to successfully defend against coordinated attacks. The presented results show the potential for hybrid approaches for an intelligent system enabling adaptable and collaborative systems.

Predicting Software Defects for Object-Oriented Software Using Search-based Techniques

Development without any defect is unsubstantial. Timely detection of software defects favors the proper resource utilization saving time, effort and money. With the increasing size and complexity of software, demand for accurate and efficient prediction models is increasing. Recently, search-based techniques (SBTs) have fascinated many researchers for Software Defect Prediction (SDP). The goal of this study is to conduct an empirical evaluation to assess the applicability of SBTs for predicting software defects in object-oriented (OO) softwares. In this study, 16 SBTs are exploited to build defect prediction models for 13 OO software projects. Stable performance measures — GMean, Balance and Receiver Operating Characteristic-Area Under Curve (ROC-AUC) are employed to probe into the predictive capability of developed models, taking into consideration the imbalanced nature of software datasets. Proper measures are taken to handle the stochastic behavior of SBTs. The significance of results is statistically validated using the Friedman test complied with Wilcoxon post hoc analysis. The results confirm that software defects can be detected in the early phases of software development with help of SBTs. This paper identifies the effective subset of SBTs that will aid software practitioners to timely detect the probable software defects, therefore, saving resources and bringing up good quality softwares. Eight SBTs — sUpervised Classification System (UCS), Bioinformatics-oriented hierarchical evolutionary learning (BIOHEL), CHC, Genetic Algorithm-based Classifier System with Adaptive Discretization Intervals (GA_ADI), Genetic Algorithm-based Classifier System with Intervalar Rule (GA_INT), Memetic Pittsburgh Learning Classifier System (MPLCS), Population-Based Incremental Learning (PBIL) and Steady-State Genetic Algorithm for Instance Selection (SGA) are found to be statistically good defect predictors.