Efficient solar hydrogen production from neutral electrolytes using surface-modified Cu(In,Ga)Se2photocathodes

Surface thin conductor layers enhance sunlight driven hydrogen evolution from water using Cu(In,Ga)Se2photocathodes in a concentrated phosphate buffer solution.

RECONSIDERING THE QUANTIZATION OF ELECTRODYNAMICS WITH BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

We show that the commonly known conductor boundary conditions E‖ = B⊥ = 0 can be realized in two ways which we call 'thick' and 'thin' conductor. The 'thick' conductor is the commonly known approach and includes a Neumann condition on the normal component E⊥ of the electric field whereas for a 'thin' conductor E⊥ remains without boundary condition. Both types describe different physics already on the classical level where a 'thin' conductor allows for an interaction between the normal components of currents on both sides. On quantum level different forces between a conductor and a single electron or a neutral atom result. For instance, the Casimir-Polder force for a 'thin' conductor is by about 13% smaller than for a 'thick' one.