Software Details in Occlusal Splint Creation through 3Shape Design Studio

Introduction: Occlusal splints are usually the first choice in the treatment of bruxism. Splints can also be the only treatment or can be ended with adhesive restoration, orthodontic or prosthetic treatment. Methods: This article demonstrates the steps of a digital workflow through the 3Shape Design system - splint studio. The initial units are virtual models, scanned by Trios Color Scanner (3Shape). Results: The digital protocol includes eight steps that allow precise and detailed creation of the searched object. Each step is described from the perspective of a clinician, prosthetist and orthodontist, not a dental technician. Possible complications and ways to management with them are described. Conclusion: Digital protocol of occlusal splint creation gives many opportunities according to design, thickness and occlusion.

Estimation of seasonal and inter-annual variations of phytoplankton in the Black Sea on the base of remote sensed data procession and chlorophyll a in situ measurements

The patterns of the seasonal and inter annual variability in the development of phytoplankton, including coc- colithophores, were studied in the northeastern part of the Black Sea in various seasons. The research was carried out on the base of remote sensed data provided by the Modis Aqua ocean color scanner and long-term ship observations. The results indicate that, in the coastal and open waters of the Black Sea, the development of phytoplankton reaches the highest level in the fall-winter and winter-spring seasons, i.e., in the periods of active winter convection. It was noted that there is a relationship between the level of coccolithophore development in the summer period and the minimal temperature of the sea surface layer in the preceding winter. The most active coccolithophore blooms, were observed after the coldest winters. Unusual winter and early spring coccolithophore blooms taking place in mild hydro meteorological conditions were registered in the Black Sea, on the base of satellite data and were confirmed by in situ measurements.

A study of long-term changes in Black Sea ecosystems based on data assimilation of remote measurements in a numerical model

Herein, we present a simulation of the dynamics of Black Sea ecosystems using a three-dimensional interdisciplinary model that assimilates satellite color scanner measurements. Calculations were performed for the fifteen years from 1998 and a set of 3-d biogeochemical fields of the Black Sea were generated on a regular grid with a discreteness time of 1 day. Analyses of core biogeochemical parameters of the marine ecosystem were then performed. The qualities of received fields were evaluated using comparisons with existing data from in situ measurements.

Susceptibility of sweet and sour cherry cultivars/genotypes to feeding damage caused by Bryobia rubrioculus (Acari: Tetranychidae)

The sweet cherry Prunus avium L. and sour cherry Prunus cerasus L. are considered important fruit trees, providing valuable and delicious fruit worldwide. We compared the susceptibility of 10 cultivars of sweet cherry and 5 genotypes of sour cherry to Bryobia rubrioculus Scheuten feeding by manually counting brown spots and by measuring damaged leaf area using a computerized image analysis technique. Damaged leaves were individually scanned on a common flatbed color scanner on a white background. The cultivars and genotypes of sweet and sour cherries, based on the mean area percentage having feeding symptoms on the leaves, were classified into three groups: (1) "susceptible", i.e., Hamedan, BN 5150, BT 5148, Zard-90, KB 9 and KB 10; (2) "semi-resistant", i.e., KB 21, Sabima, BT 5124, KB 25 and Lambert; and (3) "resistant", i.e., Haj Yousefi, BO 5187, BT 5154 and Siah Mashhad. A corresponding increase in the mean value of the symptom area was observed as the number of adult brown mites increased per disc. The results of both methods were compared, and the advantages of each method were discussed.