Susceptibility of sweet and sour cherry cultivars/genotypes to feeding damage caused by Bryobia rubrioculus (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Nazila Honarparvar ◽  
Mohammad Khanjani ◽  
Rostislav Zemek ◽  
Naser Bouzari
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
White Background ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Color Scanner ◽  
Area Percentage

The sweet cherry Prunus avium L. and sour cherry Prunus cerasus L. are considered important fruit trees, providing valuable and delicious fruit worldwide. We compared the susceptibility of 10 cultivars of sweet cherry and 5 genotypes of sour cherry to Bryobia rubrioculus Scheuten feeding by manually counting brown spots and by measuring damaged leaf area using a computerized image analysis technique. Damaged leaves were individually scanned on a common flatbed color scanner on a white background. The cultivars and genotypes of sweet and sour cherries, based on the mean area percentage having feeding symptoms on the leaves, were classified into three groups: (1) "susceptible", i.e., Hamedan, BN 5150, BT 5148, Zard-90, KB 9 and KB 10; (2) "semi-resistant", i.e., KB 21, Sabima, BT 5124, KB 25 and Lambert; and (3) "resistant", i.e., Haj Yousefi, BO 5187, BT 5154 and Siah Mashhad. A corresponding increase in the mean value of the symptom area was observed as the number of adult brown mites increased per disc. The results of both methods were compared, and the advantages of each method were discussed.

scholarly journals Characterization of sour (Prunus cerasus L.) and sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) varieties with five isozyme systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remedios Morales Corts ◽  
Luciano Cordeiro Rodrigues ◽  
Jesús Maria Ortíz Marcide ◽  
Rodrigo Pérez Sánches
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Prunus Cerasus ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Synonymies And Homonymies ◽  
Prunus Avium L

Extracts from young leaves of nine sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) and eight sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) varieties, located in the germplasm collection of the 'Direção Regional de Agricultura da Beira Interior' (Fundão, Portugal), were analysed for five isozyme systems in order to characterise these varieties and detect problems of synonymies and homonymies that frequently present. The sweet and sour cherry varieties analyzed showed low isoenzymatic polymorphism, being PGM and PGI the systems with the highest discrimination power. These systems presented seven and five different zymogrames, respectively. IDH showed four patterns. SKDH and 6-PGD grouped the varieties only into two patterns. The evident and discriminant restrictions of this type of analysis had got results that have only been a complement for agronomical and morphological characterization.

scholarly journals Use of a Plastic Rain Shield Reduces Fruit Decay and Need for Fungicides in Sweet Cherry

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorunn Børve ◽  
Arne Stensvand
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Monilinia Laxa ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Fruit Decay ◽  
Mucor Piriformis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Covering Times

It has been shown previously that covering sweet cherry trees (Prunus avium L.) with rain shields made of polyethylene or other waterproof, light-transmitting material prior to harvest to prevent fruit cracking will reduce fruit decay by various fungi. In the present work, the effects of extending the covering period on fruit decay, fruit quality, and the potential reduction in number of fungicide applications were investigated. In six of eight trials, there were significant reductions in fruit decay in covered fruit compared with fruit that were not covered. The most prevalent fruit-decaying fungi were Monilinia laxa and Botrytis cinerea. Mucor piriformis and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides occurred in high amounts in one trial each. The treatments included covering during rain periods until harvest was over from (i) bloom (bloom-cover), (ii) 6 to 7 weeks prior to harvest (early-fruit-cover), (iii) 3 to 4 weeks prior to harvest (late-fruit-cover), and (iv) not covered. In two trials, the number of fungicide applications was similar between different covering times (bloom-cover not included), and in one trial no fungicides were applied at all (all treatments included). There was a significant effect of covering on fruit decay in all three trials, but there was no difference between covering 6 to 7 and 3 to 4 weeks prior to harvest. In the sprayed fields, the incidence of decay was 48% in fruit that were not covered compared with from 6 to 11% in covered fruit. In the unsprayed field, covering from bloom resulted in 14% fruit decay compared with 23 to 26% in the other two cover treatments. In five trials, all covering regimes were included, and the number of fungicide applications varied with time of covering. The number of fungicide applications for the different treatments were: bloom-cover, 0; early-fruit-cover, 1 to 4; late-fruit-cover, 2 to 5; uncovered, 3 to 6. The mean incidence of fruit decay at harvest for the five trials (range in parentheses) was 3.4 (2.0 to 4.3), 1.8 (0.4 to 4.0), 3.8 (1.8 to 7.7), and 16.5% (2.5 to 39.7), respectively, for the covering times listed. There were no significant differences in decay after storage (3 to 7 days at 4°C followed by 2 to 4 days at 20°C) among the different covering times in the six experiments where fruit were stored. The results indicate that fungicide applications were not needed if fruit were covered during rainy periods from bloom until the end of harvest, and it was possible to omit 1 fungicide application if the covering period was increased from 3 to 4 weeks to 6 to 7 weeks. The fruit quality was not reduced by increasing the covering period from the normal 3 to 4 weeks in any of the experiments.

scholarly journals Analysis of Double-Stranded RNAs from Cherry Trees with Stem Pitting in California

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 871-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Ping Zhang ◽  
J. K. Uyemoto ◽  
B. C. Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cloning And Sequencing ◽  
Green Ring ◽  
Flowering Cherry ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Stem Pitting ◽  
Dsrna Species

Five distinct dsRNA species were recovered from Bing sweet cherry (Prunus avium (L.) L.) trees with stem pitting symptoms. A 4.7-kilobase pair (kbp) dsRNA was isolated from mahaleb rootstock (P. mahaleb L.); an unrelated 4.7-kbp dsRNA, always co-purified with a 1.3-kbp dsRNA, and a 9-kbp dsRNA were from Bing cherry. In addition, an 8.5-kbp dsRNA found in diseased Shirofugen flowering cherry and in Bing cherry was identified as sour cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV). The larger, 8.5- and 9.0-kbp dsRNA species were graft-transmissible, while the smaller ones were non-transmissible and appeared cryptic in nature. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays were developed for each dsRNA species by cloning and sequencing cDNA synthesized from the dsRNA templates. When several diseased collections were assayed by RT-PCR, approximately 14% reacted positively with primers for the 9.0-kbp dsRNA or CGRMV. Although CGRMV and the 9.0-kbp dsRNA caused wood-marking symptoms in graft-inoculated Mazzard (P. avium) seedling trees, no xylem or canopy symptoms developed in grafted Bing cherry. The causal agent or agents of cherry stem pitting have not been identified.

scholarly journals Pomological and phytochemical evaluation of different cherry species: mahaleb (Prunus mahaleb L.), wild sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) and wild sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.), sweet and sour cherry cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-191
Author(s):  
Fırat Ege Karaat ◽  
Kazim Gündüz ◽  
Onur Saraçoğlu ◽  
Hakan Yıldırım
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Prunus Cerasus ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Prunus Mahaleb ◽  
Prunus Avium L

Cherries are known as health friendly fruits due to their abundant phytochemical compositions. This study was conducted to determine phytochemical and pomological fruit properties of different cherry species including mahaleb (Prunus mahaleb L.), wild sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), wild sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.), two sweet cherries (‘Napoleon’ and ‘Starks Gold’) and one sour cherry (‘Kütahya’) cultivars. For this aim, together with various pomological traits, total phenolics and anthocyanin contents, antioxidant capacity, organic acids, sugars, were analyzed in fruits of relevant genotypes. Results of all examined traits significantly varied between genotypes. Mahaleb showed the highest TSS (30.17%), fructose (8.71 μg/g) and glucose (20.74 μg/g) contents. Wild sour cherry gave the highest antioxidant capacity (13.25 mmol TE/kg total weight), anthocyanin (351.0 mg Pg-3-glk/kg total weight), citric acid (0.56 μg/g) and malic acid (2.96 μg/g) contents. As a rootstock, mahaleb was found to be superior in some of the traits when compared to wild sweet cherry. Significant correlations were observed between various traits. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed different relationships among the traits and evaluated genotypes.

scholarly journals Occurrence and detection of lesser known viruses and phytoplasmas in stone fruit orchards in Poland

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosława Cieślińska ◽  
Halina Morgaś
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Green Ring ◽  
Japanese Plum ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Leaf Virus ◽  
Cherry Trees

Abstract A survey was carried out on 38 commercial and experimental stone fruit orchards located in major growing areas of stone fruit trees in Poland to determine the incidence of lesser known viruses and phytoplasmas. Leaf samples from 145 sweet cherry and 102 sour cherry trees were tested for Little cherry virus 1 (LChV-1), Little cherry virus 2 (LChV-2), Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV), Cherry mottle leaf virus (CMLV), and Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV) using RT-PCR. Sixty samples collected from peach and 20 apricot trees were also tested for CGRMV. Eleven out of 145 sweet cherry and three out of 102 sour cherry trees were infected by LChV-1. CGRMV was detected in 10 sweet cherry, four sour cherry, 14 peach and two apricot trees. No LChV-2, CMLV and CNRMV were detected in any of the tested trees. Phloem tissue from samples of shoots collected from 145 sweet cherry, 102 sour cherry, 128 peach, 37 apricot, five nectarine and 20 European as well as Japanese plum trees were tested for phytoplasmas. The nested PCR of the extracted DNA with universal and specific primer pairs showed the presence of phytoplasmas in six sweet cherry, three sour cherry, nine peach, four apricot, one nectarine and three Japanese plum trees. The RFLP patterns of 16S rDNA fragments after digestion with RsaI, MseI, AluI, and SspI endonucleases indicated that selected stone fruit trees were infected by two distinct phytoplasmas belonging to the apple proliferation group. The stone fruit trees infected by LChV-1, CGRMV and phytoplasmas were grown in orchards localised in all seven regions

Rhagoletis cingulata. [Distribution map].

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
District Of Columbia ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Rhagoletis cingulata (Loew). Diptera: Tephritidae. Hosts: sweet cherry (Prunus avium), sour cherry (P. cerasus), mahaleb cherry (P. mahaleb) and black cherry (P. serotina). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Slovenia and Switzerland) and North America (Canada, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Mexico, USA, Arizona, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and Wisconsin).

scholarly journals Mature Sweet Cherries Have Low Turgor

2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Knoche ◽  
Eckhard Grimm ◽  
Henrik Jürgen Schlegel
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Pressure Probe ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Tissue Pressure ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

The pressure inside a mature sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit is thought to be an important factor in rain cracking. However, to our knowledge, this pressure has never been quantified directly. The objectives of this study are to quantify: 1) the cell turgor () in fruit using a cell pressure probe (CPP) and a vapor pressure osmometer (VPO); and 2) the tissue pressure in a fruit () using both a fruit pressure probe (FPP) and a compression-plate technique (CP). The value of in mesocarp cells of mature sweet cherry fruit averaged 28.1 kPa in ‘Samba’ and 17.5 kPa in ‘Sam’ at depths below the fruit surface between 200 and 400 μm. A (range 38 to 64 kPa for different cultivars) calculated from the tissue water potential ( = –2968 to –4035 kPa) and the osmotic potential () ( = –3020 to –4116 kPa) of excised mesocarp discs as determined by VPO was of the same order of magnitude as that by CPP. Similar low values were obtained by FPP (range 8.0 to 11.8 kPa across cultivars). The were consistently lower than the values measured by CPP or by VPO. The value in the mesocarp increased slightly with increasing depth below the surface. However, was always negligible (e.g., ‘Samba’ = 10 kPa) compared with either (‘Samba’ = –2395 kPa) or calculated water potential () (‘Samba’ = –2385 kPa). When subjecting intact fruit to CP, linear relationships were obtained between the forces applied and the resulting aplanation areas. The values obtained by CP (range in sweet cherry 18.4 to 36.1 kPa) were somewhat larger than the values obtained by FPP (range in sweet cherry 8.0 to 11.8 kPa). Incubating fruit for up to 7.5 h in deionized water or for up to 96 h in air enclosed above dry silica gel had no measurable effects on . The low and the low values are not unique to sweet cherry. Values of the same order of magnitude were obtained also in mature sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.), european plum (Prunus domestica L.), grape (Vitis vinifera L.), gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa L.), red currant (Ribes rubrum L.), black currant (Ribes nigrum L.), blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Possible explanations for the very low values of and are discussed.

scholarly journals Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) vacuum drying: Kinetics modelling and textural properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 293-303
Author(s):  
Anita Vakula ◽  
Branimir Pavlic ◽  
Aleksandra Tepic-Horecki ◽  
Marija Jokanovic ◽  
Tatjana Danicic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Vacuum Drying ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Kinetics Modelling ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Prunus Avium L

Sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) were vacuum dried at different temperatures in the range between 50 and 70?C and different pressures between 20 and 200 mbar. Seven mathematical models (Henderson-Pabis, Modified Henderson-Pabis, Simplified Fick?s diffusion, Peleg, Logarithmic, Two term and Midilli et al.) were used for description of the vacuum drying process and the Midilli et al. model was selected as the most suitable with the highest mean value of coefficient of determination (R2=0.9985) and the lowest mean values of the average absolute relative deviation (AARD=0.90 %), root mean square error (RMSE=0.0061) and the reduced chi-square (?2=0.0001). Seven textural properties (shear force, penetration force, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness) were investigated in all dried sweet cherry samples. The results indicated that the pressure influenced the textural properties of sweet cherries during vacuum drying since the minimum values of all investigated texture properties were obtained in samples dried at the pressure of 200 mbar, while the maximum values were obtained at 20 and 65 mbar. It also was noticed that the temperature influenced the textural properties in the temperature range investigated, but not as significantly as it was the case of the pressure influence.

scholarly journals The effect of skipping combination with body weight training on cardiorespiratory endurance and body mass index (BMI) as a covid-19 prevention effort for overweight adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-230
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nasrulloh ◽  
Rina Yuniana ◽  
Kukuh Wahyudin Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Weight Training ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Overweight Adolescents ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Endurance ◽  
Paired T Test

This study aims to determine the effect of skipping combination with body weight training on cardiorespiratory endurance and BMI as an effort to prevent Covid 19 for overweight adolescents. This research is an experimental research. In this study, treatment was given in the form of skipping exercise combined with body weight training for 8 weeks with a frequency of 3 times / week, an intensity of 60%-70% MHR with a duration of 30 minutes. The population in this study were teenagers. Sampling was done by purposive sampling on adolescents aged between 17-21 years and overweight. Instrument used to measure VO2 max with MFT (multistage fitness test) and measurement of height and weight to determine BMI. The data analysis technique used prerequisite test and paired t test. Based on the results of the cardiorespiratory endurance data analysis, the t-count value was 10.495 with a significance value of 0.000, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of skipping combination with body weight training on cardiorespiratory endurance in overweight adolescents. The mean value of the cardiorespiratory endurance pretest was 34.92 and the posttest average increased to 40.05. While the results of the analysis on BMI data obtained a t-count value of 15.293 with a significance value of 0.000, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of skipping combination with body weight training on BMI in overweight adolescents. The mean value of the BMI pretest was 26.60 and the posttest average BMI decreased to 22.19. So it can be concluded that skipping exercises combined with body weight training can increase cardiorespiratory endurance and reduce BMI as an effort to prevent Covid 19 for overweight adolescents.

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