Equity and Strength in Stochastic Integer Programming Models for the Dynamic Single Airport Ground-Holding Problem

We study stochastic integer programming models for assigning delays to flights that are destined for an airport whose capacity has been impacted by poor weather or some other exogenous factor. In the existing literature, empirical evidence seemed to suggest that a proposed integer programming model had a strong formulation, but no existing theoretical results explained the observation. We apply recent results concerning the polyhedra of stochastic network flow problems to explain the strength of the existing model, and we propose a model whose size scales better with the number of flights in the problem and that preserves the strength of the existing model. Computational results are provided that demonstrate the benefits of the proposed model. Finally, we define a type of equity property that is satisfied by both models.

Equity, Property, and the Ethical Subject

Orthodox ideas of ownership tend to depict property as a private domain that expresses the owner’s formal rights. Yet equity does much to resist this outlook, deploying ethically-loaded ideas such as conscience and articulating an interpersonal and distinctly duty-driven character to property relations. Focusing on English case law, this article suggests that we can gather various strands of equitable property norms, particularly those derived from the constructive trust, around relationships of responsibility and vulnerability. Furthermore, the article asks what such equitable ideas about property might therefore tell us about the purportedly (self-)possessive character of human subjectivity. Rather than constructing people as sovereign, autonomous proprietors, we might read equity as tracing an ethical quality to the way we perceive ourselves and others through property-related ideas.

Changes In Innovation Activity In Regional Industrial System In The Context Of Size Of Enterprises In West Pomeranian Province

In transition countries the firms’ size and equity property affect economic processes, including innovation activity in industry. Researche has shown that the key to accelerate economy development is technology transfer from foreign countries. Implementation of new solutions depends on medium and large organizations, rather than on the micro and small ones. Traditional micro and small regional enterprises feature a low level of capacity to take risk. An innovation activity in industry systems grows up over time, but only in small domestic enterprises, and it is similar to their foreign and larger competitors. This paper discusses the problems of size of enterprises and its impact on innovation activity in regional industry systems in West Pomeranian province in the period 2004–2006 and 2009–2011.

Equity Property and Obligation

Equitable property, especially as illustrated in the trust, and equitable obligations, especially fiduciary obligations, are without precise civil law counterparts. This ought to have marked these areas out as prime candidates for innovative and inventive common law and comparative scholarship. Instead, even at the turn of the century, modern equity scholarship is still overwhelmingly devoted to doctrinal analysis that seeks simply to define and understand these equitable concepts. The legal concepts underpinning equitable property and equitable obligation are difficult, and proper definition is important to coherent development of the law's practices. This article discusses the following: ideas of equitable property, fiduciary law scholarship, and the common law-equity divide.