Defining Natural Landscape Qualities of the Southern Part of the Krka National Park in Croatia

The paper is based on a review of the established principles for evaluating the natural qualities of landscapes and developing procedures that can contribute to current methods, upgraded with indicators derived from the perception and attitudes of the public. They were implemented into an integrated model of natural landscape qualities. The method included modeling of the natural landscape qualities for the southern part of the Krka National Park in Croatia. The first evaluation model was based on a survey whose responses were processed and classified using the AHP method and GIS. The results showed that the respondents recognize the diversity of land cover and relief forms and the degree of their fragmentation as the highest natural landscape quality. The second step included overlapping the vulnerability model of natural landscape qualities and the model of perception of natural qualities. It was found that the implementation of perceived natural qualities in the evaluation process affects the model of vulnerability of landscape quality. It also indicates the possibility of implementing the perceived natural qualities of certain landscape types into the complete landscape evaluation process, which encompasses all values in the space, including human perception. Therefore, the whole procedure pointed out the importance of the implementation of perceived values into landscape evaluation, something which is also emphasized by the European Landscape Convention (ELC).

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION OF MOSQUE GARDEN BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF ISLAM

Islam is a religion that has a comprehensive concept. It regulates everything in the Muslim's life because everything is connected with Islam, including designing a garden. This paper discusses the textual concept of the garden in Islam based on the Al-Quran and al-Hadith as the two primary sources in Islam. The textual analysis aims to formulate garden design criteria based on the concept of Islam. The design criteria were then used to evaluate the mosque's landscape by studying perceptions and user preferences. The two selected mosque locations are the Istiqlal Mosque and the Jakarta Islamic Center Mosque. The method applied in this study is a literature study and the distribution of questionnaires. The paper's results and discussion are divided into three parts: 1) garden design criteria based on the Al-Quran and al-Hadith; 2) some sharia limitations in designing the garden; 3) evaluation on two research locations through the study of perceptions of mosque garden users.