Analysis of mergers and acquisitions between 2009 and 2020

This paper studies the dynamics and trends in processes of mergers and acquisitions in a highly competitive and global economic environment. The aim of this study is to analyse and divide into periods M&A agreements in the global economy. The study produces a precise definition and discusses benefits and drawbacks of such horizontal and vertical agreements. The authors discuss historical waves of mergers and acquisitions processes and present 11 individual periods containing special aspects and description of types of the agreements, as well as supplement the periods with COVID-19 pandemic flow for 2020-2021. A polynomial regression analysis is used to predict the mechanism, results and magnitude of mergers and acquisitions. Furthermore, a discrete time model enables studying behaviour pattern of mergers and acquisitions happened during 2009-2020. The results demonstrate that transnational companies are greatly attributed to economic growth through mergers and acquisitions despite their rather high preparation and implementation costs. It may be expected an escalation of capital redistribution among pharmaceutical and bioengineering companies in a post-pandemic period due to increased M&A agreements.

A Discrete-Time Compartmental Epidemiological Model for COVID-19 with a Case Study for Portugal

Recently, a continuous-time compartmental mathematical model for the spread of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was presented with Portugal as case study, from 2 March to 4 May 2020, and the local stability of the Disease Free Equilibrium (DFE) was analysed. Here, we propose an analogous discrete-time model and, using a suitable Lyapunov function, we prove the global stability of the DFE point. Using COVID-19 real data, we show, through numerical simulations, the consistence of the obtained theoretical results.

The Effects of Military Expenditures on Economic Growth and Inflation: Evidence from Turkey

The hypothesis that military spending affects economic growth and other aspects of the economy has been under scrutiny over the last decades. However, the macroeconomic impact of defense outlays is still an open question for researchers and policymakers. Aiming to contribute to the existing debate, this paper combines Keynesian with monetary theory and develops a discrete-time model that allows for potential fiscal-monetary coordination for financing the military sector in order to examine the effects of defense outlays on income and inflation. Τhe theoretical analysis suggests that military budget expansions can only have temporary effects on income, as in the long run, their impact on the economy is solely inflationary. However, the empirical findings associated with the economy of Turkey are not fully consistent with the theoretical conclusions of the specified model.

Bifurcation and comparison of a discrete-time Hindmarsh-Rose model

In this paper, a discrete-time Hindmarsh-Rose model is obtained by a nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) scheme. Bifurcation behaviors between the model obtained by the forward Euler scheme and the model obtained by the NSFD scheme are compared. Through analytical and numerical comparisons, much more bifurcations and dynamical behaviors can be obtained and preserved by using the NSFD scheme, in which the integral step size can be chosen larger relatively due to its better stability and convergence than those in the forward Euler scheme. It means that the discretetime model obtained by the NSFD scheme is closer to the original continuous system than the discrete-time model obtained by the forward Euler scheme. These confirmed results can at least guarantee true available numerical results to investigate complex neuron dynamical systems.