Water Quality Evaluation Method Based on a T-S Fuzzy Neural Network—Application in Water Environment Trend Analysis of Taihu Lake Basin

In response to the problems of large computational volume and tedious computational process of fuzzy integrated evaluation, and general neural network models without clear water quality training criteria, this paper organically combines fuzzy rules, affiliation function, and neural network, and proposes a comprehensive method for the evaluation of water quality based on a T-S fuzzy neural network. On the three water quality monitoring data of six national key monitoring stations in Taihu Lake Basin, three evaluation methods—the one-factor evaluation method, the fuzzy integrated evaluation method, and the T-S fuzzy neural network evaluation method—were used to comprehensively evaluate water environment quality, and the results showed that the T-S fuzzy neural network method has the advantages of convenient calculation, strong applicability, and scientific results.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) In The Upstream Rivers of Taihu Lake Basin, China: Spatial Distribution, Sources And Environmental Risk

The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution in Taihu Lake Basin has caused widespread concern. However, the spatial temporal distribution of PAHs in the upstream rivers of Taihu Lake Basin remains largely unknown. Thus, this study aims to investigate the level, spatial distribution, sources and environment risk caused by PAHs in upstream rivers of Taihu Lake Basin. The concentrations of total 16 PAHs (∑16PAHs) ranged from 188.64 to 1060.39 ng/g, with an average of 472.62 ng/g. Compared with low-molecular-weight (LMW) PAHs, high-molecular-weight (HMW) PAHs were more resistant to degradation and easier to accumulate in the sediment. The results of source analysis demonstrated that the PAH pollution was mainly sourced from mixture of fuel combustion and direct petroleum spillage. The ecological risk assessment showed that moderate ecological risk caused by the PAH contaminants might occur in most sample sites. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCRs) ranged from 2.07 ×10-4 - 2.66 × 10-3 for children and 9.66 ×10-5 - 1.24 × 10-3 for adult, indicating moderate cancer risk of PAH-contaminated sediments.