Analysis of aerosol pollution processes in the vicinity of the Irkutsk aluminum plant

The issues of assessing the pollution fields in the vicinity of industrial enterprises are discussed according to the monitoring studies of the snow cover. The formulations of problems of low-parameter reconstruction of concentration fields are considered on the basis of model descriptions of the processes of transport of impurities in the surface layer of the atmosphere. With regard to the Irkutsk aluminum plant, the results of studies of the pollution of its surroundings with aluminum are presented. Using the data of route observations, a numerical reconstruction of the fluoride content in the snow cover was carried out. The quality control of the results obtained is carried out by comparing the measured and calculated concentrations of impurities at the control points of observation.

Basidiomycetes Biodiversity in the Area of Impact of Emissions of the Volgograd Aluminum Plant

There are a large number of operating plants, combines and factories on the territory of Volgograd. Daily they emit tons of pollutants into the atmosphere, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, fluoride compounds, nitrogen oxides, inorganic dust, etc. All of them are absorbed by the environment, including mushrooms. It is known that fruiting bodies of fungi accumulate heavy metals from the environment well and are excellent bioindicators. The study of the accumulation of toxic substances in the basidiomes of macromycetes in Volgograd has not previously been carried out. The purpose of our study was to assess the contamination of mushroom fruiting bodies in the sanitary protection zone of the plant by the bioindication method. We used standard methods of field research, microscopic analysis of samples using a Mikmed-5 binocular microscope, a Levenhuk C 510 NG camera and a standard set of reagents (5 % alkali solution and Meltzer’s reagent for determining the reaction of cell walls to iodine) and the bioindication method with the use of the lower crustaceans Daphnia as a test object. During mycological studies performed in fall-2019 in the study area, 14 species of fungi were identified. As a result of the bioindication research, a macromycete that accumulates harmful substances to a greater extent – Tricholoma equestre (L.) P. Kumm was identified. This species is considered tasty by the inhabitants of the city. The study proves that picking and eating mushrooms from the territory of sanitary protection factories, in particular the Aluminum Plant, is unsafe.

Study of the Bioindicative Value of Invertebrate Animals of Grey-Brown Soils Contaminated by the Waste of the Aluminum Plant and Tube-rolling Mill of Sumgait

Soil animals are a very important biological factor in soil formation and the formation of high soil fertility. The soil is abundantly inhabited by numerous representatives of different groups of animals, for which it represents not only the habitat but also the result of their combined activity. Changes in soil invertebrate complexes are important indicators of industrial pollution. A study conducted on a natural cenosis grey–brown soils under wormwood–ephemeral vegetation contaminated waste Aluminum Plant and Tube–rolling Mill of Sumgait. Our purpose is to carry out soil and zoological research (as well as samples taken for microbiological analyzes) and on basis collected material and subsequent detection of a theoretical analysis of the major dominant groups bioindicators. Soil and zoological studies will help the future identify invertebrates that are most resistant to pollution factors, which can also be used as bioindicators of technologically polluted soils.

OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI IN THE POLLUTED SOILS OF KOLA PENINSULA

The species diversity and the structure of the opportunistic fungi complexes in the forest Albic Podzols under the impact of the Aluminum and Copper-Nickel Plants emissions, as well as in the Hortic Anthrosol contaminated by the oil products (diesel fuel, gas condensate, mazut) in the north-west region of Russia (the Kola Peninsula) have been investigated. The share of the opportunistic fungi increase up to 15% in the zones of the Aluminum and Copper-Nickel Plants emissions comparable to the background soil, and up to 20-25% in the soils contaminated by the oil products has been revealed. The majority of the fungi species belong to the following genera: Penicillium, Aspergillus, Mucor, Lecanicillium, Phoma and Cladosporium. The structure of the fungal complexes has changed in the polluted soil, that is, the species abundance and the frequency of the opportunistic fungi occurrence have increased. The strains of the fungi isolated from the contaminated soil reveal the potential pathogenicity in a greater degree, than the strains isolated from the clean soil. 55% of the total amount of fungi strains isolated from the soils contaminated by the Aluminum Plant emissions had the potential pathogenicity. The most dangerous for a human’s health were Amorphotheca resinae, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, Paecilomyces variotii, Penicillium commune, P. purpurеogenum, Trichoderma viride isolated from the soils contaminated by the Aluminum Plant emissions; and P. aurantiogriseum, P. glabrum, P. commune, P. simplicissimum, Rhizopus nigricans isolated from the soils contaminated by the oil products. Those species revealed protease, phospholipase activity, as well as the growth ability at the temperature 37°C