The reticular atomic filter in the vacuum. The adaptability of the electronic cloud of atoms with two applications: hydrogen and water.

In the vacuum, some solids could be used as gas filters not only through the empty spaces of the crystal lattice but also through the electronic clouds of the atoms that make up the solid. With the use of particular equipment in the vacuum we could obtain a new energy, look for the energy sufficient for the adaptability of the electronic cloud and obtain a suitable temperature for the adaptability of the electronic cloud. In the case suppose that the electronic clouds of the atoms constituting the solid are valued by the ions, this energy is subtracted from ion ionization energy in the total energy of the molecules distribution and, through some mathematical passages, we deduce a temperature sufficient for the passageway of the electronic cloud suitable for some solids. An ion and/or an atom to be filtered should have a smaller diameter than the atomic radius of the atom that constitutes the filter, for the transition through the electronic clouds. The gases could cross the solid or in the empty spaces of the crystal lattice or in the electronic clouds of the atoms that make up the solid due to the difference between the force fields. Possible future applications could improve the quality of life, in particular it would be possible to reduce atmospheric pollution by producing molecular hydrogen which would become above all a solid ecological alternative for energy production and, therefore, a solid alternative to nuclear power.

Quantum Mechanics of In Situ Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles within Anionic Microgels

We discuss the quantum mechanics of many-body systems, that is, hybrid microgel consisting of negatively charged anionic microgels possessing thick sheath of water molecules solvating protruding anionic moieties and nanoparticle captivated within the microgel. Thermodynamic feasibility of synthesis of particular nanoparticle within the microgel is dependent upon the magnitude of interaction between nanoparticle, water molecules, and microgel relative to sum of magnitude of self-interaction between counterions and interaction between counterions and microgel. Nanoparticles synthesized with in the microgels have thick electronic cloud that oscillates under the influence of net interaction potential of charged anionic moieties and solvent water molecules which constitutes the chemical environment of hybrid microgel. Hamiltonian describing energy of oscillating electronic cloud of wrapped around nanoparticle is mathematically derived to be equal to product of integral electron density and product of its position vector overall space and net force acting on the oscillating electronic cloud of nanoparticle is mathematically defined as; ℱ∫ρn{n}n^ dn.

PARTIAL PHASES IN A CIRCLING ELECTRON

An extended electronic cloud can acquire different Aharonov–Bohm (AB) phases in its parts when these parts experience different solenoidal fields. This is demonstrated by two models that describe an electron moving within a confining circular tube around a solenoidal vector potential and outside a magnetic field domain (just as in a usual AB set up): one in which the motion of the electron along the tube is restricted and moves adiabatically and another in which it extends freely and without restriction on its speed. When the electron cloud is split into two parts circling in opposite directions, we show that when the two parts of the electronic cloud rejoin, they do so with different phases. This set-up complements (and confirms the finding of) our previous work [Europhys. Lett.93, 20001 (2011)], in which the vector source was moving and the electron position was fixed.

ELECTRONIC POLARIZABILITIES OF NEODYMIUM AND ERBIUM MALEATES HYDRATED

The oscillator strength and the polarizability electronic have been used to evaluate modifications in the levels of energy of metallic ions in the coordination compound. The first property evaluates the disturbance in the states of energy caused by the force of the ligand field of the groups of atoms that are linked with the metal. The second property evaluates the easiness in which the electric field of the radiation promotes an electronic transition. In this work they were appraised these properties for the neodymium and erbium hydrated maleates. In agreement with the results, it was possible to observe that there is a significant increase in the deformation of the electronic cloud of the ion Nd3+, in the transition of smaller energy. In the erbium maleate an increase was also observed in the polarizability, in the transition of smaller energy.. We ended that, in these systems, the spectral area of low energy influenced more in the deformation of the electronic cloud of the species.

ELECTRONIC POLARIZABILITIES OF Nd 3+ and Er 3+ IONS IN SALTS Ln (ReO 4 ) 3 .9H 2 O AND ITS COMPLEXES WITH METHYLMORPHOLIN-N-OXIDE (MMNO) AS BINDING

Electronic polarizability evaluates the deformation caused in the electronic cloud of a species, when it happens an electronic transition, usually due to the interaction of the radiation electromagnetic with the matter. Due to diversity of applications, experiments have been accomplished by our group, for the obtaining of the values of dipole polarizabilities starting from electronic spectra of the coordination compounds. In this work, they were appraised the electronic polarizabilities of the íons Nd3+ and Er3+ in the compounds Ln(ReO4)3(H2O)9 and Ln(ReO4)3(MMNO)6, where Ln = Nd and Er in methanol solutions. The programs SIMP2FOS and POLAZ-F were used to evaluate the oscillator strength experimental and for the study of the polarizabilities, respectively.