К модельному описанию электронного спектра графеноподобных Янус-структур

Model of C – AB – D Janus structure as the compound formed by the interacting through atoms А and В dimers А – С and В – D, where А and В atoms are in the sites of two-dimensional hexagonal lattice and C and D atoms are on the opposite sides from AB list is proposed. In the scope of tight-binding theory and Green’s function method general equation for the dispersion low is obtained. The particular cases of C – AА – D и А – AB – В compounds are considered and analytical expressions for their electronic spectra is fulfilled. The effect of the external mechanical deformation on the band parameters including effective masses is examined. Problem of the magnetic states in Janus compounds is discussed.

Experimental evidence in support of the biological effects and physical basis of homeopathic potencies

Background: Homeopathic potencies 12 cH and above cross the Avogadro number and, for this, do not contain any original drug molecules. Two major problems involved in the scientific study of potencies are (1) understanding the physical basis of potencies and (2) demonstrating the biological effects of potencies. The present study aims to address these questions. Methods and Results: In course of our experimental studies spanned over more than 30 years we have demonstrated significant effects of homeopathic potencies on man, animals and plants. We have also showed that potencies could be differentiated through their electronic spectra, and this difference in spectra can be attributed to the electron transfer interaction. In a molecular complex, electron of one molecule absorbs a quantum of visible radiation and is excited, not to a higher energy level of this molecule, but to one of the vacant high energy levels of the neighboring molecules. This process is known as electron or charge transfer interaction. This has been demonstrated in Iodine ө in two different solvents of CCl4 and aqueous ethanol (Sukul N C, Environ Ecol 17,866-872, 1999). We have further demonstrated that the effect of a homeopathic potency can be transmitted from one part of a plant to another, and also from one plant to another through water. I am presenting here a few selected cases of our experimental studies. Potentized Nux vomica significantly reduced ethanol consumption in rats by 73.7%and ethanol-induced sleep time in albino mice by 44.4%. Causticum 30 C and Rhus tox 30 C produced anti-inflamatory and anti-nocicptive effect on adjuvant arthritis in albino rats. Potentized homeopathic drugs reduced microfilaraemia by 28 to 100% and filariasis in two villages of West Bengal endemic for Bancroftian filaiasis. Potentized Cina and Thuja ameliorated trichinellosis in mice reducing larval population in muscles by 84% and 68%, respectively. Potencies of Agaricus and Nux vomica, produced excitatory effect on the isolated rat ileum. Potentized drugs altered firing rate of hypothalamic neurons in rats and cats. Nux vom 30 c and Merc cor 30c facilitated water permeability in erythrocytes of catfish in a test tube. Potencies of Merc cor and Merc iod enhanced α-amylase activity in vitro ,by 44 and 21%,respectively. Drugs ,that inhibit photosynthesis and plant growth in high doses, promote the same phenomena when applied on plants at ultra low doses. Potentized Cantharis, a homeopathic drug used for burn injuries, counter the effect of heat shock in Adhatoda vasica plants in terms of modulating the expression of heat-shock proteins in the plants. The effect of heat shock and of Cantharis treatment could be transmitted from one plant to another through water. The global network of surface water in a closed system is thought to be responsible for producing this effect. Several potentized homeopathic drugs show distinct variation from each other in their absorption spectra in ultra violet region of light. These drugs when mixed with sucrose solution, also show marked differences from each other at temperatures as low as 4 0 C and as high as 70 0 C. Electron transfer interaction may contribute to the characteristic spectral properties of a homeopathic potency. Conclusions: Homeopathic potencies could be detected and differentiated by their electronic spectra. Potencies show marked effect on animals, plants, ex vivo effect on isolated organs and in vitro effect on enzymes. Keywords: Homeopathic potencies, electronic spectra, ethanol intake, adjuvant arthritis, filariasis, Cantharis, Nux vomica

The Coordination Chemistry of Some Sulphur-Nitrogen Ligands

<p>Some nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of 2-(benzylthio)ethylamine have been isolated and characterised with respect to infrared and electronic spectra. With nickel(II) only the bis salts were obtained and they were all paramagnetic. An investigation of the nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of three tetradentate ligands, each containing two sulphur and two nitrogen donor atoms, has been made. One of these, 1,9-diamino 3,7-dithianonane has been compared to the nitrogen analogue, 1,9-diamino 3,7-diazanonane. Attempts to bridge and cyclise complexes using reactions of acetone with coordinated amino groups and halides with coordinated thiol groups are also reported. Finally a novel S-detritylation reaction is discussed.</p>

The Coordination Chemistry of Some Sulphur-Nitrogen Ligands

<p>Some nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of 2-(benzylthio)ethylamine have been isolated and characterised with respect to infrared and electronic spectra. With nickel(II) only the bis salts were obtained and they were all paramagnetic. An investigation of the nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of three tetradentate ligands, each containing two sulphur and two nitrogen donor atoms, has been made. One of these, 1,9-diamino 3,7-dithianonane has been compared to the nitrogen analogue, 1,9-diamino 3,7-diazanonane. Attempts to bridge and cyclise complexes using reactions of acetone with coordinated amino groups and halides with coordinated thiol groups are also reported. Finally a novel S-detritylation reaction is discussed.</p>

Preparation, analytical Studies and application of a New Azodye Derived from Pharmaceutical Materials (Procaine Hydrochloride & Salicylic acid)

Procaine hydrochloride was used as an aromatic amine, and salicylic acid (5-[2-(diethylamino)-4-benzoateazo]-2-hydroxybenzoic acid) was used to make a new azodye derived from pharmaceutical materials ( PS ).C.H.N., H1-NMR, I.R., and visible spectroscopic techniques have also been used to characterize dye. At different pH values ( 2 - 12 ), the electronic spectra of this azo dye was investigated in terms of acid-base properties, which included defining isobestic points and determining protonation and ionization constants. The effect of different polarities of solvents on the electronic spectra was the subject of another study. The dye has been used in a variety of applications, including as an indicator for strong acid with strong base and for nitrite determination.

New Charge Transfer Complexes of K+-Channel-Blocker Drug (Amifampridine; AMFP) for Sensitive Detection: Solution Investigations and DFT Studies

UV–Vis spectroscopy was used to investigate two new charge transfer (CT) complexes formed between the K+-channel-blocker amifampridine (AMFP) drug and the two π-acceptors 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) and tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) in different solvents. The molecular composition of the new CT complexes was estimated using the continuous variations method and found to be 1:1 for both complexes. The formed CT complexes’ electronic spectra data were further employed for calculating the formation constants (KCT), molar extinction coefficients (εCT), and physical parameters at various temperatures, and the results demonstrated the high stability of both complexes. In addition, sensitive spectrophotometric methods for quantifying AMFP in its pure form were proposed and statistically validated. Furthermore, DFT calculations were used to predict the molecular structures of AMFP–DDQ and AMFP–TCNE complexes in CHCl3. TD-DFT calculations were also used to predict the electronic spectra of both complexes. A CT-based transition band (exp. 399 and 417 nm) for the AMFP–TCNE complex was calculated at 411.5 nm (f = 0.105, HOMO-1 → LUMO). The two absorption bands at 459 nm (calc. 426.9 nm, f = 0.054) and 584 nm (calc. 628.1 nm, f = 0.111) of the AMFP–DDQ complex were theoretically assigned to HOMO-1 → LUMO and HOMO → LUMO excitations, respectively.