Formation of cubic modification oxides with BCC-lattice type C in polycrystalline dioxides of hafnium, zirconium and cerium upon heating

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STATIC AND KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF A PLANAR REGULAR BEAM TRUSS WITH A DOUBLE LATTICE

Предлагается схема статически определимой регулярной балочной фермы решетчатого вида. Обнаружен и исследован случай кинематического вырождения конструкции от числа панелей. Для сосредоточенной и распределенной по нижнему поясу нагрузок методом индукции с привлечением системы символьной математики выводится зависимость прогиба фермы от числа ее панелей. Прогиб вычисляется по формуле Максвелла-Мора. Полученная зависимость имеет вид полинома по числу панелей с переменными, зависящими от четности числа панелей. Получена также формула зависимости величины горизонтального сдвига подвижной опоры. A scheme of a statically determinate regular girder truss of a lattice type is proposed. The case of kinematic degeneration of the structure from the number of panels is discovered and investigated. For concentrated and distributed loads over the lower belt, the dependence of the deflection of the truss on the number of its panels is derived by induction with the involvement of a system of symbolic mathematics. The deflection is calculated using the Maxwell - Mohr formula. The resulting dependence has the form of a polynomial in the number of panels with variables depending on the parity of the number of panels. A formula for the dependence of the magnitude of the horizontal shift of the movable support is also obtained.

Spontaneous Symmetry-Breaking in the Corrosion Transformation of Ancient Bronzes

In general, during long-term museum conservation, ancient bronzes will generate new corrosion products also called the “secondary corrosion” on the surface of the unearthed “primary corrosion” products due to various environmental conditions. In this paper, the corrosion stages of several ancient Chinese bronzes are characterized by using optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectrometer (Raman). It is found that there exist phase transformation relationships in between the “primary corrosion” and the “secondary corrosion” stages (i.e., (1) the crystal lattice type tends to transform from a high symmetry system to a low symmetry system; (2) in case of the same crystal lattice type, the corrosions exhibit an inter-transformation or symbiosis). It is interesting to note that these transformation rules are very consistent with the well-known physical law of “spontaneous symmetry-breaking”, which won the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics and also has been considered to be general law of nature, in addition to the principle of Gibbs free energy reduction. The significance of this discovery allows us to achieve the predictability and controllability of the bronze corrosion products (i.e., to predict the corrosive trends in advance and control the “second corrosion” by adjusting the conservation conditions. This research provides a novel conservation concept of ancient bronzes.

Reposisi dan Penggantian Menara Transmisi 150 kV

Transmission line is a very absolute thing in an electric power system. In the distribution of electricity from generating centers to loads (consummers), where the distance is quite far it is done through the transmission line. Transmission channels those are generally used based on construction are the lattice type and steel pole. The transmission channel has a safe limit against other objects around it according to the standard set. The air transmission line uses a TACSR (Thermal Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforce) conductor which has a working capacity with temperatures up to 1500C. Based on calculations when the distance is 212m with a temperature of 1500C the value of the roof is 9,40m. When the distance is 173m with a temperature of 1500C the maximum value of the roof is 7.8m. When The condition of the temperature and the length of the span affect the value of the roof the greater of the temperature and the length of the span, so the greater of the resistance.ABSTRAK:Saluran transmisi adalah suatu hal yang sangat mutlak dalam suatu sistem tenaga listrik. Dalam penyaluran tenaga listrik dari pusat-pusat pembangkit ke beban (konsumen), dimana jaraknya cukup jauh maka dilakukan lewat saluran transmisi. Saluran transmisi yang umum digunakan berdasarkan konstruksinya adalah tipe lattice dan steel pole. Saluran transmisi ini memiliki batas aman terhadap obyek lain yang ada di sekitarnya sesuai standar yang ditetapkan. Saluran transmisi udara menggunakan konduktor jenis TACSR (Thermal Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced) yang memiliki kemampuan kerja dengan suhu sampai 1500C. Berdasarkan perhitungan pada saat jarak span 212 m dan dengan suhu 1500C andongan maksimumnya bernilai 9,40 m. Pada saat jarak 173 m dan dengan suhu 1500C andongan maksimalnya 7,8m. Pada saat jarak 233 m dengan suhu 1500C andongan maksimumnya adalah 10,58m. Keadaan suhu dan panjang span mempengaruhi nilai andongan, semakin besar suhu dan panjang span maka nilai andongan akan semakin besar.