Functional Organization of Extraocular Motoneurons and Eye Muscles

Eye movements are indispensable for visual image stabilization during self-generated and passive head and body motion and for visual orientation. Eye muscles and neuronal control elements are evolutionarily conserved, with novel behavioral repertoires emerging during the evolution of frontal eyes and foveae. The precise execution of eye movements with different dynamics is ensured by morphologically diverse yet complementary sets of extraocular muscle fibers and associated motoneurons. Singly and multiply innervated muscle fibers are controlled by motoneuronal subpopulations with largely selective premotor inputs from task-specific ocular motor control centers. The morphological duality of the neuromuscular interface is matched by complementary biochemical and molecular features that collectively assign different physiological properties to the motor entities. In contrast, the functionality represents a continuum where most motor elements contribute to any type of eye movement, although within preferential dynamic ranges, suggesting that signal transmission and muscle contractions occur within bands of frequency-selective pathways.

Computer/Screen vision syndrome it’s management: an Ayurvedic approach Reference Novel Coronavirus-19

Presently a Day because of the Covid-19 pandemic circumstance. Numerous individuals are Working From the home. Understudy is additionally going to the online class from home. Due to Covid-19 pandemic circumstance, all physical activities of all individual stop. Because of work from home, online classes, online stage require advanced gadget use for a long time day by day coming about Multifactorial sickness of visual surface, i.e. Screen Vision Syndrome and a great many of individuals experience the ill effects of this infections. In the current way of life, each individual is getting influenced because of radiation might be because of VDT (Video show terminals), PC, T.V, Tablet and portable. Side effects are the most regularly happening medical conditions among VDT clients. The principle visual manifestations revealed by VDT clients incorporate 1) Redness of Eye, 2) Dry eyes, 3) Eye Strain, 4) Burning of Eye, 5) Headache, 6) Itching of Eye, 7) Neck, shoulder, or back agony, 8) Blurred Vision accordingly term the expression "Screen Vision Syndrome"(SVS) In present-day Science there is greasing up medication accessible has not explicit impact for long time impact on SVS .on this premise Ayurveda manages alteration in the way of life which is useful for the person to stay solid in this pandemic circumstance without the impact on there work. In this article, we have to take an audit of the various ayurvedic system and there a method of activity of that treatment. In this article as there is no name ailments CVS except for according to lakshan we can comprehend CVS from Ayuervedic writing. Likewise, avoidance strategy to forestall CVS. In present-day medication no cures aside of oil Eye Drop, advising for reasonable PC use, PC glasses. So the line of treatment is of Netragataroga Chikitsa-, Pindi, Shirodhara Aschotana, Seka, Prakshalana Bidalaka followed by Tarpana &Nasya with Vatapittahara Dravyas can likewise be given. Yogic eye practices loosen up eye muscles to lessen eye fatigue and build the endurance of eye muscles.

Bilateral periodically aggravated paralysis of the eye muscles with peculiar fluctuations in the control of the movement of the upper eyelids

Cases of periodical eye paralysis are far from frequent occurrence and have been described so far only in a small number. In addition, many aspects of this interesting painful defeat are still not sufficiently clarified. In view of this, I will focus on one of the cases presented to my observation of periodically aggravating paralysis of the optic nerves, which at the same time represented extremely peculiar fluctuations in the control of the movements of the upper arms.

Effect of unilateral vertical transposition of the horizontal rectus muscles on vertical strabismus

Purpose: To study the effect of vertically transposing both horizontal eye muscles of one eye in the same direction on vertical strabismus. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 33 patients in whom vertical transposition of the medial and lateral rectus muscles was combined with a recession/resection or recession/plication procedure. Preoperative ocular alignment was compared with that 1 day and 3 months postoperatively. Results: Mean preoperative vertical deviation was 7.8 ± 4.3 (median 7.5, range 3–25) prism diopters (PD) at distance and 7.8 ± 4.1 (7, 0–18) PD at near. Vertical transposition of the horizontal rectus muscles averaged 5.6 ± 1.6 mm and reduced the vertical deviation to 3.4 ± 4.2 PD (2, 0–16) at distance and 2.9 ± 3.7 PD (2, 0–14) at near. Mean effect on the vertical deviation was 0.9 ± 0.7 (0.8, –0.8 to 2.13) PD/mm at distance and 0.9 ± 0.9 (0.83, –1 to 3) PD/mm at near, it was similar in patients operated on for esotropia and for exotropia. The surgical effect on the horizontal deviation was 2.1 ± 1.1 PD/mm (distance) and 2.6 ± 1 PD/mm (near). Both the vertical and horizontal surgical dose correlated with the effect in a linear way, but the variability was greater for the vertical transposition. Conclusions: Vertical transposition of the horizontal rectus muscles in the same direction allows for correction of vertical strabismus. This procedure may be performed during primarily horizontal strabismus surgery, without operating on an additional extraocular muscle. The transposition distance correlates with the surgical effect but predictability of the effect is limited.