Effect of unilateral vertical transposition of the horizontal rectus muscles on vertical strabismus

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212093497
Author(s):  
Mirjam Rossel ◽  
Richard Bergholz ◽  
Daniel J Salchow
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Extraocular Muscle ◽  
Strabismus Surgery ◽  
Lateral Rectus ◽  
Vertical Deviation ◽  
Eye Muscles

Purpose: To study the effect of vertically transposing both horizontal eye muscles of one eye in the same direction on vertical strabismus. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 33 patients in whom vertical transposition of the medial and lateral rectus muscles was combined with a recession/resection or recession/plication procedure. Preoperative ocular alignment was compared with that 1 day and 3 months postoperatively. Results: Mean preoperative vertical deviation was 7.8 ± 4.3 (median 7.5, range 3–25) prism diopters (PD) at distance and 7.8 ± 4.1 (7, 0–18) PD at near. Vertical transposition of the horizontal rectus muscles averaged 5.6 ± 1.6 mm and reduced the vertical deviation to 3.4 ± 4.2 PD (2, 0–16) at distance and 2.9 ± 3.7 PD (2, 0–14) at near. Mean effect on the vertical deviation was 0.9 ± 0.7 (0.8, –0.8 to 2.13) PD/mm at distance and 0.9 ± 0.9 (0.83, –1 to 3) PD/mm at near, it was similar in patients operated on for esotropia and for exotropia. The surgical effect on the horizontal deviation was 2.1 ± 1.1 PD/mm (distance) and 2.6 ± 1 PD/mm (near). Both the vertical and horizontal surgical dose correlated with the effect in a linear way, but the variability was greater for the vertical transposition. Conclusions: Vertical transposition of the horizontal rectus muscles in the same direction allows for correction of vertical strabismus. This procedure may be performed during primarily horizontal strabismus surgery, without operating on an additional extraocular muscle. The transposition distance correlates with the surgical effect but predictability of the effect is limited.

Detection of the Slipped Extraocular Muscle After Strabismus Surgery

Ophthalmology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
S CHEN ◽  
P KNOX ◽  
P HISCOTT ◽  
I MARSH
Keyword(s):  
Extraocular Muscle ◽  
Strabismus Surgery

scholarly journals The changes of refractive status and anterior segment parameters after strabismus surgery

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenke Zhou ◽  
Hanyun Wu ◽  
Yumeng Zheng ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Strabismus Surgery ◽  
Lateral Rectus ◽  
Medial Rectus ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Refractive Status ◽  
Anterior Segment Parameters ◽  
Operation Results

Abstract Purpose To investigate the effects of strabismus surgery on the refractive status and anterior segment parameters, meanwhile to conduct a research on the causes of these changes. Methods This was a retrospective study about 65 patients (104 eyes) who underwent strabismus surgery by a single surgeon from February 2017 to May 2018. The patients were divided into 4 groups. Group I: unilateral lateral rectus recession (40 eyes), Group II: unilateral medial rectus recession (16 eyes), Group III: monocular lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection (30 eyes), Group IV: disinsertion of the inferior oblique (18 eyes). Refractive status and anterior segment parameters were measured at 1 day before operation, 1 week, 1 month and at least 3 month after operation. Results Spherical equivalent significantly showed a myopic shift during postoperative 1 week in horizontal rectus surgery, and it still showed a statistical changes during postoperative at least 3 month unilateral medial rectus recession. J0 displayed a shift in the with-the-rule direction in unilateral medial / lateral rectus recession lasted to the at least 3 month after surgery. J45 had no significant change in all groups as time passed by. Patients manifested statistically significant changes in steepest keratometry at 1 week after operation in horizontal rectus surgery.Flattest keratometry changed significantly only in unilateral medial rectus recession lasted to the at least 3 month after surgery .There was no change in disinsertion of the inferior oblique . Conclusions Refractive changes are a significant side effect of strabismus surgery, therefore, patients should be informed about it prior to surgery and the appropriate time for optometry should be chosen according to the different surgical methods after surgery.

scholarly journals Expression of schizophrenia biomarkers in extraocular muscles from patients with strabismus: an explanation for the link between exotropia and schizophrenia?

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e4214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea B. Agarwal ◽  
Austin J. Christensen ◽  
Cheng-Yuan Feng ◽  
Dan Wen ◽  
L. Alan Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Strabismus Surgery ◽  
Extraocular Muscles ◽  
Lateral Rectus ◽  
Medial Rectus ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Altered Gene Expression ◽  
Altered Gene ◽  
Specific Association

Recent studies have implicated exotropia as a risk factor for schizophrenia. We determined whether schizophrenia biomarkers have abnormal levels of expression in extraocular muscles from patients with strabismus and explored whether differences in gene expression between medial and lateral rectus muscles may explain the specific association of schizophrenia with exotropia but not esotropia. Samples from horizontal extraocular muscles were obtained during strabismus surgery and compared with age- and muscle type-matched normal muscles from organ donors. We used PCR arrays to identify differences in gene expression among 417 signaling molecules. We then focused on established schizophrenia-related growth factors, cytokines, and regulators of the extracellular matrix. Among 36 genes with significantly altered gene expression in dysfunctional horizontal rectus muscles, over one third were schizophrenia-related: CTGF, CXCR4, IL1B, IL10RA, MIF, MMP2, NPY1R, NRG1, NTRK2, SERPINA3, TIMP1, TIMP2, and TNF (adjusted p value ≤ 0.016667). By PCR array, expression of three of these genes was significantly different in medial rectus muscles, while eleven were significantly altered in lateral rectus muscles. Comparing baseline levels between muscle types, three schizophrenia-related genes (NPY1R, NTRK2, TIMP2) had lower levels of expression in medial rectus muscles. Despite the surprisingly large number of schizophrenia-related genes with altered gene expression levels in dysfunctional muscles, the lack of specificity for medial rectus muscles undermines a model of shared, region-specific gene expression abnormalities between exotropia and schizophrenia, but rather suggests consideration of the alternative model: that exotropia-induced aberrant early visual experiences may enable and/or contribute as a causative factor to the development of schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Dried Human Amniotic Membrane Does Not Alleviate Inflammation and Fibrosis in Experimental Strabismus Surgery

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Young Chun ◽  
Hong Kyun Kim ◽  
Jae Pil Shin
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Amniotic Membrane ◽  
Extraocular Muscle ◽  
Strabismus Surgery ◽  
Human Amniotic Membrane ◽  
Superior Rectus ◽  
Postoperative Inflammation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Extraocular Muscle Surgery

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dried human amniotic membrane (AM) in reducing the postoperative inflammatory response and scarring after strabismus surgery.Methods. The inflammatory response at the extraocular muscle reattachment site was analyzed after superior rectus (SR) resection in 12 rabbits. Dried human AM (Ambiodry2) was applied between the resected SR muscle plane and Tenon’s capsule of the left eyes of rabbits. As a control, the right eyes of rabbits underwent SR resection only. The surgeon randomly ordered which eye gets operated first during the experiment. Two weeks later, enucleation was performed. Six sagittal sections were made for each eye at the insertion of the SR muscle. The grade of postoperative inflammation and the presence of fibrosis were evaluated in histological examinations.Results. There was no statistically significant difference in the intensity of inflammation and fibrous proliferation between the eyes treated with dried human AM after SR resection and those treated with SR resection only.Conclusions. The use of dried human AM was not effective in controlling the postoperative inflammation and scarring in rabbit eyes after extraocular muscle surgery. However, this may be due to the devitalized dry preparation of human AM (Ambiodry2), which may have lost the expected anti-inflammatory and anti-scarring properties, and further studies on humans may be necessary.

Distinct regulatory cascades for head and trunk myogenesis

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy C. Mootoosamy ◽  
Susanne Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Rectus Muscle ◽  
Lateral Rectus ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Head Mesoderm ◽  
Eye Muscles ◽  
Lateral Rectus Muscle ◽  
Regulatory Cascades ◽  
Head Muscles

Most head muscles arise from the pre-otic axial and paraxial head mesoderm. This tissue does not form somites, yet expresses the somitic markers Lbx1, Pax7 and Paraxis in a regionalised fashion. The domain set aside by these markers provides the lateral rectus muscle, the most caudal of the extrinsic eye muscles. In contrast to somitic cells that express Lbx1, lateral rectus precursors are non-migratory. Moreover, the set of markers characteristic for the lateral rectus precursors differs from the marker sets indicative of somitic muscle precursors. This suggests distinct roles for Lbx1/Pax7/Paraxis in the development of head and trunk muscles. When grafted to the trunk, the pre-otic head mesoderm fails to activate Lbx1, Pax7 or Paraxis. Likewise, somites grafted into the region of the lateral rectus precursors fail to activate the lateral rectus marker set. This suggests that distinct regulatory cascades act in the development of trunk and head muscles, possibly reflecting their distinct function and evolution.

scholarly journals American Insight Into Strabismus Surgery Before 1838

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 117917211772936
Author(s):  
Christopher T Leffler ◽  
Stephen G Schwartz ◽  
John Q Le
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Extraocular Muscle ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strabismus Surgery ◽  
Traditional Teaching ◽  
William Gibson ◽  
The Family ◽  
Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach

English surgeon John Taylor attempted to perform strabismus surgery in the 18th century. The field languished until, in Germany, treatment of strabismus by cutting an extraocular muscle was proposed by Louis Stromeyer in 1838 and performed by Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach in 1839. According to traditional teaching, there has never been any proof that anyone in the United States thought of the idea of strabismus surgery before Stromeyer’s report. In 1841, American surgeon William Gibson wrote that he had cut extraocular muscles to treat strabismus several times beginning in 1818 but never published his cases. Gibson’s former trainee Alexander E Hosack of New York confirmed Gibson’s memory. Interestingly, Hosack’s family had a connection with the family of New York oculist John Scudder Jr (1807-1843), whose reported cure of strabismus by cutting some of the fibers of an extraocular muscle was described in newspapers throughout the United States in 1837. Thus, Scudder’s report preceded that of Stromeyer. Scudder’s claim cannot be verified, but his description could have influenced Stromeyer, and demonstrates that the idea of strabismus surgery did exist in America before 1838.

Eye movements induced by ampullary nerve stimulation

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Cohen ◽  
Jun-Ichi Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Extraocular Muscle ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Repetitive Stimulation ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Pulse Trains ◽  
Eye Muscles ◽  
Small Doses

Powerful neural pathways from semicircular canals to eye muscles were activated by double pulses delivered to ampullary nerves. The effectiveness of this stimulation was due to a facilitatory cycle which followed each ampullary nerve stimulus. Facilitation was maximum 2.5–3 msec after a particular stimulus and lasted for 15–20 msec. Successive stimuli which fell during maximum facilitation evoked extraocular muscle potentials which would follow pulse trains synchronously up to 250–300/sec. Eye movements followed pulse trains up to 100/sec. The amplitude of the induced eye movements could be increased by increasing the strength or number of pulses in a train. Longer lasting facilitation occurred with repetitive stimulation and alerting. Repetitive stimulation produced slow eye deviations. In the monkey and in some cats this deviation developed into nystagmus and was followed by an oppositely directed afternystagmus. Small doses of Nembutal decreased facilitation and abolished nystagmus and afternystagmus.

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