Systematic Comparison of Vectorial Spherical Radiative Transfer Models in Limb Scattering Geometry

A comprehensive inter-comparison of seven radiative transfer models in the limb scattering geometry has been performed. Every model is capable of accounting for polarisation within a fully spherical atmosphere. Three models (GSLS, SASKTRAN-HR, and SCIATRAN) are deterministic, and four models (MYSTIC, SASKTRAN-MC, Siro, and SMART-G) are statistical using the Monte Carlo technique. A wide variety of test cases encompassing different atmospheric conditions, solar geometries, wavelengths, tangent altitudes, and Lambertian surface reflectances have been defined and executed for every model. For the majority of conditions it was found that the models agree to better than 0.2 % in the single scatter test cases and better than 1 % in the multiple scatter scalar and vector test cases, with some larger differences noted at high values of surface reflectance in multiple scatter. For the first time in limb geometry, the effect of atmospheric refraction was compared among four models that support it (GSLS, SASKTRAN-HR, SCIATRAN, and SMART-G). Differences among most models in multiple scatter with refraction enabled was less than 1 %, with larger differences observed for some models. Overall the agreement among the models with and without refraction is better than has been previously reported in both scalar and vector modes.

Band Gaps and Transmission Characteristics Analysis on a Two-Dimensional Multiple-Scatter Phononic Crystal Structure

In this paper, a novel wrap-around multi-scattering phononic crystal (PC) structure is proposed. Band gaps (BGs) and transmission characteristics of the present structure are calculated using finite element method (FEM). Through the calculations of single-scattering prototype, three complete BGs which are exhibited at low frequency and the fourth wide BG at high frequency are discovered. The transmission features and resonant spectra represented by frequency response function (FRF) shows that apparent resonance directly cause the four specific BGs. By keeping the total area of scatterers unchanged, 2 × 2, 3 × 3 and 4 × 4 scatterers are designed to obtain the change rule of BGs. Furthermore, the size ratio of 2 × 2 scatterers, the number of connection beams are investigated to obtain the regular pattern of acoustic energy transmission and attenuation. The present investigation of multiple-scatter PC structure will provide a solid support on the future design of acoustical functional materials.