Printers of the Kosmos

This essay describes the editorial logic behind a recently released variorum of the 1855 edition of Walt Whitman’s Leaves of Grass. The history of the composition, printing, binding, distribution, and reading of this set of books informs the design and apparatus of the variorum, which attempts to represent something of the fundamental textual and material instability of the copies that make up the edition.

Vade-mecum wobec anglojęzycznego cyklu poetyckiego drugiej połowy XIX wieku

Celem studium jest zainicjowanie rozważań nad systemowymi sposobami czytania Vade-mecum, które zarazem stanowić mogłyby punkt wyjścia do uporządkowania porównawczego namysłu nad cyklem i jego prekursorstwem. Możliwości lektury podobnego typu wydaje się stwarzać tzw. komparatystyka syntetyczna i to w jej duchu ustanawiana jest w niniejszym artykule podstawowa linia zestawiania, a także porównywania: Vade-mecum z In Memoriam Alfreda Tennysona, Leaves of Grass Walta Whitmana, a także Poems Gerarda Manleya Hopkinsa. Rezultatem konfrontowania tych ujęć stają się konkretne wnioski, m.in. silna tendencja semantyzacyjna cyklu obecna zarówno u Norwida, jak i u Tennysona, Whitmana albo Hopkinsa, a także eksperymenty w zakresie utrzymywania i zrywania ciągłości diegezy cyklu pojętego jako całość, widocznie zarysowujące się w obrębie cyklów Norwida i Whitmana. Badanie i porównywanie aspektów strukturalnych cyklów Norwida, Tennysona, Whitmana oraz Hopkinsa może wieść w kierunku ostrożnego ustalania nowego punktu wyjścia w badaniach: komparatystyki, którą można by naraz określić mianem warunkowej i analitycznej.

“A Sea Symphony” by R. Vaughan Williams and its literary source

The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the artistic concept of “A Sea Symphony” by R. Vaughan Williams and the key role in its formation of the literary source of the work. The methodology of the work is based on the application of analytical, structural, comparative and intertextual methods, which makes it possible to expand the horizons of cognitive search and identify intertextual semantic connections within the studied phenomenon. The scientific novelty is that for the first time in Ukrainian musicology the literary source of “A Sea Symphony” by R. Vaughan Williams receives analytical coverage as an important component of the holistic artistic concept of the work. Conclusions. As a result of the work carried out, it was established that the poetic texts by W. Whitman’s “Leaves of Grass” became the literary source of the symphony. They are both separate poems of the poet and fragments from his poems. Combining them, the composer builds his own compositional and dramatic logic, subordinate to the idea of revealing the significance of the mythological image of the sea, which appears in the symphony as a polysemantic archetypal complex. Features of the composer's work with a poetic text, the validity of certain notes, replications, transpositions while maintaining and accentuating its key role in building the musical and artistic whole are revealed. The specificity and principles of the distribution of poetic texts between parts of the work, as well as vocal parties, solo and choral, are determined.

The Transparent Eyeball of the Nation: Walt Whitman’s Imagined Nation in “Song of Myself”

This paper provides a textual analysis of Walt Whitman’s “Song of Myself”, revealing its significance as a national poem. The paper argues that Whitman’s "Song of Myself" breaks literary and political limits, challenging the sovereignty of the nation. By examining "Song of Myself" in the six different editions of Whitman’s Leaves of Grass, this paper will further analyze Whitman’s style and his speaker as representations of the limitations and sovereignty of literary tradition and the politics of his nation. By “politics,” I refer to the religious, political, and social doctrines that shape the nation. By “literary,” I mean the traditional literary style of writing, such as the poem’s form, scope, and subject.

Synthesis and characterization of capsule shells non gelatin grass jelly leaves-seaweed as drug delivery system material

Drug delivery system is a system that describes the journey of a drug to its target location. The main component of the drug delivery system is gelatin. The leaves of grass jelly-seaweed are needed as a raw material for gelatin. The main component of gelling agents in grass jelly leaves and seaweed is a low-methoxy pectin polysaccharide. Pectin from previous study is used as a synthesis material for hard capsule shells with the addition of other ingredients, which are Na-CMC, sorbitol, and water. The characterization results of capsule shells with variations in the composition of grass jelly-seaweed leaves 0: 4, 1: 3, 2: 2, 3: 1, and 4: 0 (A, B, C, D and E) have a disolving time of 12 minutes 45 seconds; 15 minutes 53 seconds; 23 minutes 10 seconds; 15 minutes 35 seconds and 18 minutes 12 seconds. The swelling degree test each of 200%; 266,7%; 303.3%; 586.7% and 643.3%. Furthermore, the shells of grass jelly-seaweed leaf capsules were tested for their material performance in the cefadroxyl disolving test with variations in sampling time of 10, 20, and 30 minutes. Keywords: Cefadroxyl, Drug delivery system, Green grass jelly leaves, Non-gelatin capsules, Seaweed