THE COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES ON TOURIST GUIDE PROFESSIONALISM IN LOMBOK WEST NUSA TENGGARA

This study was aimed at finding out the communication strategies on tourist guide professionalism in Lombok West Nusa Tenggara. The main research question raised in the study was “How the communication strategies were used by the tour guides in terms of being professional tourists guides ”. The research was categorized into a descriptive qualitative study where the researcher used purposive sampling with a specific subset of people to find out the exact criteria of respondents. The researcher adopted snowball techniques in describing and interpreting the role of self-presentation on tourist guide professionalism. There were five tourist guides on the bus tour in their videos recorder and questionnaires towards communication strategies of English speech manner regarding tourist guides’ professionalism. The sample was purposively taken by involving the guided cruise ship passenger tour at Lembar harbor. The result of the study found that the tourist guide’s professionalism with the role of self-presentation was positively related with the categories of self-promotion, Ingratiation, supplication, exemplification, and Intimidation. Further, it was found as well that the tourist guides professionalism performances were positively related to the role of communication strategies under five main categories. The study concluded that five communication strategies were used by the tourist guide those are (1) Paraphrase with various Subcategories Approximation, Word Coinage, and Circumlocution (2). Transfer with two elements: (a) Literal Translation (b) Language Switch (3). Appeal for Assistance. (4). Mime (5). Avoidance Strategy consists of two subcategories (a) Topic Avoidance and (b) Message Abandonment.

Parental Dissolution and the Transmission of Relational Instability for Adult Children of Divorce

This paper explores the ways in which divorce has an effect on adult children of divorce and their perception towards intimate relationships. Current research around the topic suggests that individuals raised in divorced families tend to develop less positive attitudes towards marriage, and more positive attitudes towards divorce. This concept stems from the types of experiences gained through an individual’s family-of-origin, this creates a clear indication surrounding the attitudes a child of divorce will carry through to their intimate relationships. I will discuss a common source of tension around ‘feeling caught’ between parents and the impact it has on communication and topic avoidance. The topic centers around the concept of relational uncertainty and its association to relational turbulence and reactivity. The portrayal of parental relationships influences the transmission of marital instability.

Autochthony Belief and Making Amends to Indigenous Peoples: The Role of Collective Moral Emotions

Intergroup relations in settler societies have been defined by historical conflict over territorial ownership between indigenous peoples and settler majorities. However, the indigenous groups were there first, and first arrival is an important principle for assigning ownership to a group. In two studies among Australians of Anglo-Celtic origin (N = 322 and N = 475), we argued and found that the general belief in entitlements for first comers (i.e. autochthony) is related to more support for reparations in terms of apology and instrumental compensation for Aborigines, as well as to less topic avoidance. We further proposed that the group-based emotions of collective guilt, moral shame and image shame account for these associations. We found that majority members who endorsed autochthony belief experienced more guilt (Study 1 and 2), moral shame (Study2) and image shame (Study 2). In turn, guilt and moral shame were related to more support for reparations and less topic avoidance, whereas image shame was related to more topic avoidance, thereby partially suppressing the negative association between autochthony belief and topic avoidance. Our research points at the importance of considering autochthony belief and different types of moral emotions in research on past transgressions and current attempts to restore social justice for indigenous peoples.

An Analysis of Communication Strategies Applied by English Study Program Students in Speaking for Presentation

This Study was a mix method research which used the combination of both qualitative and quantitative data. This study was aimed to find out the types and the dominant communication strategies used by the fourth semester students of English Study Program in University of Bengkulu. The instruments used in this research were observation checklist adapted from Dornyei (1995) and video recorder to collect data. The data were analyzed by Dornyei’s Theory of Communication Strategies. The population of this study was fourth semester students of class A of English Study Program. The samples of this study were selected with purposive sampling technique. The findings of this research were: (1) the students used all types of communication strategies, namely: a) message replacement, b) topic avoidance, c) message abandonment, d) circumlocution, e) approximation, f) word coinage, g) non-verbal signal, h) literal translation, i) foreignizing, j) code switching, k) time gaining strategy, and l) appeal for help, and 2) the dominant type of communication strategies used by the students is time gaining strategy with 47.87%. The students mostly used time gaining strategy because they already have good proficiency but they still needed times or delays to produce the utterances.