Gendered Funding: United Way Board Composition and the Funding of Women- and Girl-Serving Organizations

Representative bureaucracy theory posits that the passive representation of women in leadership positions will lead to active representation of the concerns of women in general. This article attempts to identify whether this theory plays out on boards of nonprofit funding organizations, specifically United Ways across the United States. Using random effects modeling of interrupted time series data covering 15 years, the findings suggest a small yet significant nonlinear effect of women in leadership positions on boards upon the size of funding for women- and girl-serving organizations. This partially supports representative bureaucracy theory, but raises questions as to why there is a negative representational effect past a certain “critical mass” of women.

Emerging Evidence of the Value of Culturally Specific Organizations: Results of a Delphi and Consumer Voice Study

A set of culturally specific organizations in Portland, Oregon has been generating excellent results for clients and communities of color. Four of them have developed a collective impact initiative to reduce child poverty among communities of color, with backbone support from United Way, and the inclusion of one “culturally responsive” organization. This research seeks to answer, “How do these organizations achieve excellent results with clients of color?” Our answer, through a two-part Delphi and Consumer Voice study, identifies a far-ranging set of assets, only part of which are staffing characteristics. These assets have been affirmed by a statistically significant survey of consumers, encompassing the following nine domains: being community embedded, creating a culture of success, being responsive to community needs, advocating to improve community and client success, being culturally relevant, and providing a comprehensive continuum of services. Delivery attributes include relying heavily on a rich relationship model, being inclusive, and having staff be personally invested in client success. Clients confirmed that all nine domains are important to their lives, and rated their overall satisfaction with the organizations at 92.7%, far above the published national average of 77%. The paper concludes with a synthesis of the study’s relevance for policy makers, funders and practitioners.

UPBRINGING AND LEARNING UNITY AS A SOURCE FOR DEVELOPING TEACHERS' EMOTIONAL RESPONSIVENESS

In the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, the scientific research in Europe started focusing more on the problems of upbringing. Pedagogical science was no exception, and also started raising questions regarding upbringing including both the teaching/learning and the upbringing/self-education processes in pedagogical activities and in the education system as a whole. The united way in which the teaching/learning, upbringing/self-education work is conducted at educational institutions reflects the professionalism of the teacher. The study reveals the necessity and importance of upbringing and unity in teaching work for the pedagogical processes of the 21st century.The study confirms that teachers’ knowledge, skills and attitude regarding education, teaching/learning, upbringing/self-education influences the obtainability of students’ achievements (Hattie, 2008, Hattie & Yates, 2013; Hattie & Zierer, 2018). The results of the research confirm the idea that the pedagogue has to invest in continuous development of professional competencies. The professional competence of the educator has a long-lasting impact on the individual's performance in learning and education processes as well as in their further life activities. Thus, the analysis of pedagogical theory and real-life practice shows that teaching and learning are the primary means for upbringing/self-education and performing the education functions in unity (Fišers, 2005, Hattie, 2008; Špona, 2018). In order to provide an acquisition of purposeful self-development management skills in pedagogical activities, a new approach and understanding of regularities is needed for the arrangement and management of educational learning processes.The aim of the study is to show the unity of teaching / learning, upbringing / self-education as an important approach in modern education.The main tasks are literary studies and evaluation, work with a target audience.Research methods: survey.