Breastfeeding Prevalence and Factors Affecting Brestfeeding in Suburban Area in Serbia, Indjija

Background: Breastfeeding and human milk are ideal and the normative standards for infant feeding and nutrition up to 6 months. The Decree on the National Breastfeeding Support Program in Serbia set the goals, as World Health Organization, baby to 6 months of age has exclusive breastfeeding for 50-60% of infants.Method: This cohort study retrospectively uses data routinely collected during health visits to the child, completing the survey by the mother who gave birth between 1. January 2013 and 31. December 2017. The study was carried out in a pediatric practice dispensary located in Indjija, suburban area in Serbia. In this study, 1089 surveys were processed . The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of breastfeeding and recognize factors that affect breastfeeding duration.Results: The results of this study show that 27.82% of newborns breastfeeding within the first hour after birth and within the first 6h 69.59% of the newborn. Never-breastfed infants are 5.78%. Breastfeed babies up to 4 months were 61%, up to 6. months were 53.7%, and a year and longer 28.55% of infants. Factors affecting the rate breastfeeding and breastfeeding duration with statistical significance are hour of first breastfeeding, by mother: age, level of education, marital status, parity, type delivery, and by the baby: gender, year of birth, gestational age, birth weight.Conclusions: Breastfeeding prevalence and dreastfeeding duration in suburban area in Serbia shows an increasing trend with each successive generation. The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiatives still need to be implemented, in the breastfeeding support program more to include patronage and pediatric nursing, promote prepartum pregnant counseling, developmental counseling, prevention of preterm birth. A complex of nutritional, environmental, socioeconomic, psychological as well as genetic interactions establish a massive list of benefits of breastfeeding to the health outcomes of the breastfed infant and to the breastfeeding mother.

A Qualitative Metasynthesis of Reasons for the Use or Nonuse of Assistive Technologies in the Aging Population

Models of the use of assistive technologies (ATs) have only moderate value for predicting older people’s actual use of ATs. To find further predictors, we performed a systematic literature review and – applying an action-theoretical approach – a metasynthesis of seven qualitative studies about the reasons older people use or fail to use ATs. We found 25 reasons referring to user’s beliefs and desires (e.g., related to demand, act of using ATs, its consequences), 18 of which were not contained in existing AT use models. Some reasons generalized across ATs (e.g., perceived unreliability), whereas others (e.g., privacy concerns, desire to avoid burden to others) appeared specific to telealarm or smart-home technology. We discuss findings with respect to improving AT use models and developmental counseling.

Oswalso de Reviero. The Myth of Development: The Non-Viable Economies of the 21st Century. London, U.K.: Zed Books. 2001. 224 pages. £20.99.

Since the early 1990s, a new stream of developmental thinking started getting momentum, questioning and refuting the supposedly undisputed developmental counseling, pursued by all nations and practiced for more than four decades. This critique of development, usually referred to as ‘post-structuralism’ or ‘post-development’, assesses the genesis of the developmental ideas in post-war era and also questions the desirability and prospects of the development in the contemporary world. In the era of intellectual combat of developmental ideas, Oswaldo De Reviero’s “The Myth of Development” is significant and thought provoking addition to the PostStructuralist literature. De Riviero has tended to deconstruct the developmental ideas and identify the factors that the developmental thinking and practices entail and have been contributing to the impoverishment of the countries.

Developmental Counseling and Therapy: A Promising Intervention for Preventing Relapse with Substance-Abusing Clients

Developmental Counseling and Therapy (DCT) increases awareness by helping clients understand their cognitive style preferences and gain insight into factors underlying their substance abuse. This article presents the four DCT cognitive emotional styles, their relationship to relapse, and a format for conducting a DCT assessment-intervention interview and counseling intervention plan with a relapsing substance-abuse client, which is also demonstrated in a case vignette.