The Urgence Of Counseling Guidance In Developing Student Discipline in Junior high school Muhammadiyah Tebing Tinggi

This study examines the urgency of counseling guidance in fostering student discipline at the Muhammadiyah Tebing Tinggi Private Junior High School. This research is based on the existence of student discipline problems at school. The disciplinary behavior is related to violations of the rules and regulations set by the school. Schools as a strategic place to overcome students' undisciplined approach require a counseling approach. This study aims to analyze the importance of counseling guidance in fostering student discipline. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Data was collected by using observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. Research informants consisted of principals, BK teachers, and students. The results of this study indicate that the efforts made by schools in fostering student discipline are by providing counseling and punishment services. It is hoped that with these efforts, students will be able to behave in an orderly discipline, always in an orderly manner with regulations everywhere.

A Campaign to Wear Masks in the Pesantren Community With a Counseling Approach

The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia held a national campaign movement to wear masks to prevent transmission of COVID-19. The movement was welcomed by the pesantren. The purpose of this study was to describe the movement of wearing masks with the at-tawazun counseling approach (pesantren-based counseling) in Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Situbondo, East Java. This research used a service-learning approach. The results of this study revealed the campaign to wear masks by balancing (at-tawazun) between physical and spiritual efforts, namely: a counseling approach with (1) uswah hasanah techniques, namely giving concrete examples of wearing good masks, (2) megha' kalemmar aéngnga sé ta' lekkoa, namely modeling using masks from students figures so that they are imitated by other students, (3) mauidhah hasanah, namely educational speech using masks, (4) balance between targhib and ta'zir which is giving reinforcement or punishment, and (5) art, namely campaigns using masks through the students' art performance. This research should be adopted in several other pesantren or Islamic-based educational institutions for the campaign to wear masks. This research contributes to the development of "Islamic Guidance and Counseling", "Islamic Psychology", and several other counseling theories.

Effectiveness of Family-Centered Oral Health Promotion on Toddler Oral Health in Hong Kong

Early childhood caries is common in Hong Kong, and parental practices on maintaining good oral health of their young children are far from satisfactory. This article reports on the effectiveness of a randomized controlled trial on family-centered oral health promotion to new parents in establishing proper feeding habits and oral hygiene practices and in reducing caries risk among 3-y-old toddlers. At baseline, pregnant mothers and their husbands were recruited and randomly allocated into 2 groups. The test group received individualized oral health education (OHE) via a behavioral and educational counseling approach while the control group received the OHE pamphlets only. Information related to the feeding habits, oral hygiene practices, and oral health of the toddlers was collected by parent-completed questionnaires and oral examination annually via home visits. A total of 580 families were recruited at baseline, and 436 toddlers were followed up when they reached 3 y old (test, n = 228; control, n = 208; follow-up rate, 75.2%). The proportions of toddlers who held food in the mouth, fell asleep when milk feeding, had prolonged use of the nursing bottle, ate before bed, and consumed a sweet snack daily were significantly lower in the test group than in the control group (all P < 0.05). Significantly higher proportions of toddlers brushed their own teeth twice daily, were brushed by their parents twice daily, and used fluoride toothpaste than in the control group (all P < 0.001). Toddlers in the test group had better oral health status with a lower level of visible plaque, Streptococcus mutans, white spot lesion, and cavitated lesion (all P < 0.05). Family-centered oral health promotion and individualized OHE for parents via a behavioral and educational counseling approach are more effective in establishing good feeding habits and parental toothbrushing practices and in decreasing the caries risk of their toddlers than the distribution of OHE pamphlets alone (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02937194).

Upaya Mencegah Penyebaran Covid-19 dengan Penyuluhan Mencuci Tangan serta Memakai Masker

Handling Covid-19 must be carried out thoroughly and involve all parties from various walks of life by applying health protocols, which are continuously being pursued to deal with the spread of Covid-19 by always practicing hand hygiene by washing hands with soap and using masks. This service aims to provide counseling to students at MI Ta'limul Huda Bugoharjo how to wash hands and wear masks properly. Community service is carried out for 1 month, namely in August 2020 using a one-by-one or interpersonal counseling approach by way of home visits to each student's home and practicing it directly. Based on the results of the service carried out to students about counseling on washing hands using soap and masks, it was found that students were very happy and enthusiastic in participating in the counseling provided and practicing directly in washing hands and wearing masks.

Genetic risk estimates for offspring of patients with Stargardt disease

BACKGROUND Genetic counseling in autosomal recessive Stargardt disease (STGD1) is complicated because of unknown frequencies of pathogenic ABCA4 alleles across populations, variable and unknown severity of ABCA4 alleles, and incomplete penetrance. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, published ABCA4 variants were categorized by severity based on previous functional and clinical studies and current statistical comparisons of their frequencies in patients versus the general population, their observed versus expected homozygous occurrence in patients, and their occurrence in combination with established mild alleles in patients. The sum allele frequencies of these severity categories were used to estimate inheritance risks for offspring of STGD1 patients and carriers of pathogenic ABCA4 variants. RESULTS The risk for offspring of a STGD1 patient with the severe|severe genotype or a severe|mild with complete penetrance genotype to develop STGD1 at some moment in life was estimated at 2.8-3.1% (1 in 35-32 individuals) and 1.6-1.8% (1 in 62-57 individuals), respectively. The risk to develop STGD1 in childhood was estimated to be 2 to 4-fold lower: 0.7-0.8% (1 in 148-124) and 0.3-0.4% (1 in 295-248), respectively. For offspring of an unaffected ABCA4 variant carrier from a STGD1 family who carries one severe or one mild ABCA4 variant with complete penetrance, the risk to develop STGD1 throughout life is 1.4-1.6% (1 in 71-64) and 0.19-0.21% (1 in 516-487), respectively. CONCLUSION We propose a genotype-based personalized counseling approach to appreciate the large differences in inheritance risk between individuals. We advocate considering the lower risk of early-onset STGD1 compared with the total STGD1 risk.

Konseling Keluarga untuk Meningkatkan Ketahanan Keluarga

The background of this study is based on the significance of family counseling to increase family resilience. This counseling is needed to help families in dealing with complex family problems and involves many factors. The purpose of this study is to review the literatures on family counseling approach in increasing family resilience. This study uses a systematic literature review (SLR) approach from various articles that discuss family counseling, family resilience, and household problems. The author used 3 selection criteria for the literature study: periodization, keywords, and limitation. The results show that the family and family resilience must be seen as a system that has various influencing factors. The important role of family counseling is to help families in dealing with crisis situations, find the right solution, bring out the best potential, and develop the ability to work together.

From a “Terrifying Challenge” to a “Professional Revelation” - Implementing Motivational Interviewing through Participatory Action Research

BackgroundMotivational Interviewing (MI) is a humanistic and evidence-based counseling approach within primary care. However, MI rarely translates to clinical practice that follows the usual introductory training programs; a lack of evidence regarding its implementation persists today. A participatory action research was conducted to (1) facilitate and describe the clinicians’ professional transformation through interprofessional communities of practice on motivational interviewing (ICP-MI), and (2) explore the contribution of ICP-MI in transforming their daily practices. This article addresses the first objective. MethodsData collection involved the principal investigator’s research journal, participant observation of four ICP-MIs (76 hours, 16 clinicians), and four appraisal focus groups. A general inductive approach was used for qualitative data analysis. ResultsFindings describe the four processes of MI implementation in primary care as motivational endeavors: ambivalence, introspection, experimentation, and mobilization. The clinicians were initially ambivalent with respect to MI implementation, taking into consideration the significant challenges involved. After introspecting previous practices, they realized the limits of their clinician-centered counseling approach, which consolidated their engagement in ICP-MI. Thus, the experimentation of MI implementation initiatives in the workplace followed and enabled clinicians to witness the feasibility and effectiveness of MI. Finally, the clinicians were intrinsically mobilized to ensure MI sustainability in their practices. Two categories of influencing factors were reported. Intrinsic factors included personal traits, and perception about MI as a clinical priority. Extrinsic factors related to organizational support that was crucial in providing the appropriate resources and supporting the clinicians’ implementation efforts. Results are discussed according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).ConclusionsAs described in a fragmented manner in previous studies, MI implementation processes and influencing factors are presented in our study as integrated findings; we also suggest innovative avenues for future research projects. Considerations in elaborating effective training programs are highlighted, especially when it comes to providing motivational and organizational support to succeed at MI implementation within primary care.