Perception and Experience of Transcultural Care of Stakeholders and Health Service Users with a Migrant Background: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: While European health policies do frequently take into consideration the ideas and experiences of their users, the voices of minority and marginalized communities are not often heard. European healthcare services must address this issue as the number of healthcare users with an MM background increases. Aim: To explore the perspectives of key stakeholders and healthcare users with an MM background on transcultural care in four European countries. Design: Qualitative phenomenological study. Methods: Semi-structured, individual interviews were conducted with stakeholders and MM users. Interviews were translated and transcribed verbatim and were carried out from February to May 2021. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the characteristics of the sample; qualitative data were analyzed thematically following Braun and Clarke’s phases, resulting in 6 themes and 18 subthemes. Results: For stakeholders and MM users with long-established residence in their respective countries, cultural differences involve different family and community norms, religious beliefs, lifestyles, and habits. These components are perceived as in tension with healthcare norms and values, and they mediate in two key and related aspects of the relationship between MM users and healthcare providers: accessibility and communication. Conclusions: Communication and access to healthcare are key to MM health service users, and they are the most frequent sources of misunderstanding and conflict between them and healthcare professionals. Impact: It is important to extend the investigation of cultural issues in healthcare to stakeholders and MM users. There is no doubt that healthcare professionals should be trained in cultural competence; however, cultural competence training is not the only area for improvement. There should be a change in paradigm in healthcare services across Europe: from individual to organizational integration of culture and diversity.

Influence of Islamic Philosophy on the Faith and Practices of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Its Musculoskeletal Manifestations

Transcultural care is an important aspect of patient care. This review paper discusses the influence of Islamic philosophy on the faith and practices of Muslim patients with diabetes mellitus and its musculoskeletal manifestations. Relevant articles were searched from the electronic databases Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, ProQuest, and Science Direct using the keywords “Islamic philosophy, the influence of Islamic Philosophy in Muslim patients, religious practice during sick, fasting months, and sick.” No time limitation was specified for article selection. The database search yielded 170 potential articles. The abstracts of these articles were screened, and 50 full-length manuscripts were obtained, reviewed, and analyzed for their relevance to the subject matter. Discussions rooted in the ontology, epistemology, and methodology of Islamic philosophy were described in detail to provide a sound understanding of its influence on Muslim patients. The ontology of Islamic philosophy is based on four important concepts, namely, the Unity of Allah, the Unity of Creation, the Unity of Thought, and the Unity of Man. The epistemological approach can help Muslim patients search for knowledge on the basis of ontology and three principles, namely, Ilm’ Yaqin, Ainul Yaqin, and Haqqal Yaqin. The ontology and epistemology shape the methodology of Muslim patients’ daily life -according to the Islamic concepts of the Five Pillars and Six True Faiths. The issues patients with diabetes mellitus and its musculoskeletal manifestations encounter usually arise when they need to perform obligations during fasting and prayers. Understanding Islamic philosophy in caring for patients with diabetes is important among healthcare pro-fessionals to provide appropriate care. Better healthcare services may be provided to Muslim patients if their specific needs are fulfilled according to their beliefs and culture. Abstrak Filosofi Islam Memengaruhi Iman dan Praktek Klien dengan Diabetes Mellitus dan Manifestasi Muskuloskeletalnya: Review. Perawatan transkultural adalah aspek penting ketika memberikan perawatan kepada klien. Artikel tinjauan ini akan membahas tentang filsafat Islam yang memengaruhi keyakinan dan praktik klien diabetes Muslim. Artikel yang relevan dicari dari database elektronik Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, ProQuest, dan Science Direct. Kata kunci yang digunakan 'filsafat Islam, pengaruh Filsafat Islam pada klien Muslim, praktik keagamaan selama sakit, bulan puasa, dan sakit'. Tidak ada batasan waktu pada pemilihan artikel. Pencarian database mengidentifikasi sejumlah 170 artikel. Abstrak disaring dan 50 artikel lengkap diperoleh, ditinjau, dan di-analisis jika relevan. Diskusi rooting pada ontologi, epistemologi, dan metodologi filsafat Islam dijelaskan secara rinci untuk memahami pengaruhnya terhadap klien Muslim. Ontologi filsafat Islam didasarkan pada empat konsep penting; Kesatuan Allah, Kesatuan Ciptaan, Kesatuan Pemikiran, dan Kesatuan Manusia. Pendekatan epistemologis membantu klien Muslim untuk mencari pengetahuan berdasarkan ontologi dan tiga prinsip (Ilm Ya Yaqin, Ainul Yaqin, dan Haqqal Yaqin). Ini telah membentuk metodologi klien Muslim dalam kehidupan sehari-hari berdasarkan pada Islam Lima pilar dan Enam Iman Sejati. Masalah klien dengan diabetes mellitus dan manifestasi muskuloskeletalnya biasa-nya muncul setiap kali melakukan kewajiban saat puasa dan berdoa. Kebutuhan mereka untuk mengamati kepatuhan pengobatan, kontrol diet, doa sehari-hari, dan bagaimana metodologi memengaruhi kehidupan sehari-hari mereka. Pemahaman filosofi Islam dalam merawat klien diabetes adalah penting di antara para profesional kesehatan untuk memberikan perawatan yang tepat. Diharapkan bahwa layanan kesehatan yang lebih baik untuk klien Muslim jika kebutuhan spesifik keyakinan dan budaya terpenuhi. Kata kunci: diabetes mellitus, filsafat Islam, manifestasi muskuloskeletal, Muslim

Influence of Islamic Philosophy on The Faith and Practices of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Its Musculoskeletal Manifestations

Transcultural care is an important aspect of patient care. This review paper discusses the influence of Islamic philosophy on the faith and practices of Muslim patients with diabetes mellitus and its musculoskeletal manifestations. Relevant articles were searched from the electronic databases Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, ProQuest, and Science Direct using the keywords “Islamic philosophy, the influence of Islamic Philosophy in Muslim patients, religious practice during sick, fasting months, and sick.” No time limitation was specified for article selection. The database search yielded 170 potential articles. The abstracts of these articles were screened, and 50 full-length manuscripts were obtained, reviewed, and analyzed for their relevance to the subject matter. Discussions rooted in the ontology, epistemology, and methodology of Islamic philosophy were described in detail to provide a sound understanding its influence on Muslim patients. The ontology of Islamic philosophy is based on four important concepts, namely, the Unity of Allah, the Unity of Creation, the Unity of Thought, and the Unity of Man. The epistemological approach can help Muslim patients search for knowledge on the basis of ontology and three principles, namely, Ilm’ Yaqin, Ainul Yaqin, and Haqqal Yaqin. The ontology and epistemology shape the methodology of Muslim patients’ daily life -according to the Islamic concepts of the Five Pillars and Six True Faiths. The issues patients with diabetes mellitus and its musculoskeletal manifestations encounter usually arise when they need to perform obligations during fasting and prayers. Understanding Islamic philosophy in caring for patients with diabetes is important among healthcare professionals to provide appropriate care. Better healthcare services may be provided to Muslim patients if their specific needs of are fulfilled according to their beliefs and culture. Abstrak Filosofi Islam Memengaruhi Iman dan Praktek Klien dengan Diabetes Mellitus dan Manifestasi Muskuloskeletal-nya: Review. Perawatan transkultural adalah aspek penting ketika memberikan perawatan kepada klien. Artikel tinjauan ini akan membahas tentang filsafat Islam yang memengaruhi keyakinan dan praktik klien diabetes Muslim. Artikel yang relevan dicari dari database elektronik Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, ProQuest, dan Science Direct. Kata kunci yang digunakan 'filsafat Islam, pengaruh Filsafat Islam pada klien Muslim, praktik keagamaan selama sakit, bulan puasa, dan sakit'. Tidak ada batasan waktu pada pemilihan artikel. Pencarian database mengidentifikasi sejumlah 170 artikel. Abstrak disaring dan 50 artikel lengkap diperoleh, ditinjau, dan dianalisis jika relevan. Diskusi rooting pada ontologi, epistemologi, dan metodologi filsafat Islam dijelaskan secara rinci untuk memahami pengaruhnya terhadap klien Muslim. Ontologi filsafat Islam didasarkan pada empat konsep penting; Kesatuan Allah, Kesatuan Ciptaan, Kesatuan Pemikiran, dan Kesatuan Manusia. Pendekatan epistemologis membantu klien Muslim untuk mencari pengetahuan berdasarkan ontologi dan tiga prinsip (Ilm Ya Yaqin, Ainul Yaqin, dan Haqqal Yaqin). Ini telah membentuk metodologi klien Muslim dalam kehidupan sehari-hari berdasarkan pada Islam Lima pilar dan Enam Iman Sejati. Masalah klien dengan diabetes mellitus dan manifestasi muskuloskeletalnya biasanya muncul setiap kali melakukan kewajiban saat puasa dan berdoa. Kebutuhan mereka untuk mengamati kepatuhan pengobatan, kontrol diet, doa sehari-hari, dan bagaimana metodologi memengaruhi kehidupan sehari-hari mereka. Pemahaman filosofi Islam dalam merawat klien diabetes adalah penting di antara para profesional kesehatan untuk memberikan perawatan yang tepat. Diharapkan bahwa layanan kesehatan yang lebih baik untuk klien Muslim jika kebutuhan spesifik keyakinan dan budaya terpenuhi. Kata kunci: diabetes mellitus, filsafat Islam, manifestasi muskuloskeletal, Muslim

Development of a dictionary for transcultural care in Europe: a deliverable of the TNP project

Background Transcultural care remains a hot domain in current nursing practice, especially due to the challenges relating to increased population mobility due to both medical tourism and financial / political instability. The TNP (transcultural nursing for practice) Erasmus plus project was implemented between 2017-2019 to attempt to detect best practices regarding intercultural care in Europe as well as to develop suitable training materials to improve the communication among people of diverse ethnic, cultural and religious background. Methods A study was conducted in January 2019 in all six countries participating in the TNP project. 6 healthcare professionals per country we invited to identify key terms relevant to 15 distinct domains of healthcare and health-related cultural and educational topics. After initial open term brainstorming, the terms were graded by all participants according to their perceived relevance to the project aim using a 3 round Delphi approach. Results A total of 36 expert responders from all six countries agreed to participate of which 70% women. Age varied significantly between 35-75 years. After the final Delphi round, consensus was achieved, with a total of about 1100 words included in the final joined statement. The highest degrees of consensus was achieved for terms relating to parts of the body, common symptoms and conditions and healthcare-associated structures and professionals. On the other hand, a significantly lower degree of consent was determined regarding terms relevant to regional health topics, spiritual care, emotional / mental health and role of family and environment. Conclusions Transcultural care is a necessary component of everyday practice in modern healthcare provision institutions. Despite significant language and cultural barriers, the main priority domains are almost universally uniform, thus justifying the development of suitable health promotion / education materials to minimize the relevant gap. Key messages Transcultural care is a current challenge in health promotion. Despite cultural differences, major terms of healthcare provision remain largely uniform across Europe.

Reflexões acerca da violência contra a mulher na ótica de Madeleine Leininger

RESUMOObjetivo: refletir acerca da violência contra a mulher na ótica de Madeleine Leininger. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo, tipo reflexão teórica, desenvolvido mediante consultas na literatura científica por meio de livros e periódicos das bases de dados. Resultados: a discussão da temática relacionou o cuidado transcultural à questão da violência, buscando subsídios à assistência de saúde possibilitou a reflexão da importância da teoria de Leininger para se obter um cuidado diferenciado e integral nas diferentes culturas. Conclusão: a teoria transcultural oportuniza ao enfermeiro a descoberta de práticas que podem influenciar no cuidado. Descritores: Violência Contra a Mulher; Teoria de Enfermagem; Enfermagem Transcultural. ABSTRACTObjective: to reflect on violence against women from the perspective of Madeleine Leininger. Method: qualitative, descriptive, theoretical reflective study, developed upon consultation in the scientific literature, through books and periodicals in databases. Results: the discussion of the theme related transcultural care to the issue of violence, seeking subsidies to health care, and enabled the reflection on the importance of Leininger's theory for a differentiated and comprehensive care in different cultures. Conclusion: the transcultural theory gives nurses the opportunity to discover practices that can influence care. Descriptors: Violence Against Women; Nursing Theory; Transcultural Nursing. RESUMENObjetivo: reflexionar acerca de la violencia contra la mujer en la óptica de Madeleine Leininger. Método: estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, tipo reflexión teórica, desarrollado mediante consultas en la literatura científica por medio de libros y periódicos de las bases de datos. Resultados: la discusión de la temática relacionó el cuidado transcultural al problema de la violencia, buscando subsídios a la asistencia de salud posibilitó la reflexión de la importancia de la teoría de Leininger para obterse un cuidado diferenciado e integral en las diferentes culturas. Conclusión: la teoría transcultural oportuniza al enfermero la descubierta de prácticas que pueden influir en el cuidado. Descriptores: Violencia Contra la Mujer; Teoría de Enfermería; Enfermería Transcultural.