An Analysis on Newly Introduced English Verb in Oxford English Dictionary in 2016-2018: Levin’s Taxonomy of Verb Classification and Verbnet

Levin (1993) argues that the behaviour of verbs is determined by word meaning which is directly linked to the expression and interpretation of its argument. Based on this statement, Levin classified verbs into 48 classes and VerbNet, an English verb lexicon was created based on the extension of Levin’s taxonomy of verb classification (VC). Therefore, this study presents the classification of the updated English verbs of 2016 to 2018 in the online version of the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) to examine the relevance of Levin’s VC and VerbNet in the recently added repertoire of verbs. In Addition, the study seeks to find out the new verb classes introduced in this study. This study uses a mixed-method to identify and classify the verbs. To conclude, this study found that both classifications were applicable and relevant in 14 new main verb classes introduced to classify the verbs that did not belong to Levin’s VC and VerbNet. Hence, this contributes to the body of knowledge as the newly introduced verb classes could be used based on the given semantic and syntactic conditions.

A corpus study of verbs in opinion articles of The Jakarta Post and the relation with text characteristics

As one of the text categories, opinion texts have distinctive characteristics compared to any other texts in newspapers, including the choice of verb usage. This study then aims at preliminarily examining the verbs used in opinion articles in The Jakarta Post to find out the relation between frequency and text characteristics. This study collected the opinion articles of The Jakarta Post comprising 47.143 words. This study was assisted by Lancsbox to store the corpus of opinion section texts, to identify the verb lemmas, and to count the frequency of verbs. The verbs found in this study were then classified based on Scheibman’s main verb classification (which is based on Halliday’s and Dixon’s verb types). The results of the study show that there are three most frequent verb types used in opinion texts in The Jakarta Post; they are material, verbal, and feeling verb types. Meanwhile, the lesser frequent ones are perception, possessive/relational, relational, and cognition verbs types. Meanwhile, the least frequent verb types are existential, corporeal and perception/relational verbs types. As opinion text conveys the argument of the writer, it is plausible to find feeling verb type belongs to the third most frequent types, along with material type to show concrete actions and verbal type to report the information. These frequencies exhibit that there is a firm relationship between text characteristics and the tendency of verb choice.

The semantics of English out-prefixation: a corpus-based investigation

The verbal prefix out- in its scalar-comparative sense is among the most productive English locative prefixes. Although several authors make use of the construction as a test environment for verb classification, few studies have looked at its semantics in any depth. Moreover, previous work on this prefix relies on fairly small databases or self-generated data, and no reliable corpus-based investigations are available, calling into question the usefulness of present semantic analyses and the application of the construction as a test environment. This study aims at remedying these shortcomings via presenting a database culled mostly from COCA and iWeb. Based on the analysis of the wide range of attestations in the database it is shown that existing generalizations and previous semantic analyses are wrong and that particular restrictions proposed in the literature are not borne out by the data. Several claims, including core features of the formalizations offered in the literature, have to be discarded. Furthermore, alleged base-restrictions on the input out- allows are shown to be far too restrictive. This holds for verbal as well as adjectival and nominal bases. It is shown that approaches that deny the existence of category-changing prefixes are misguided. Overall, the construction is more flexible regarding possible interpretations and more promiscuous with respect to possible bases than previously thought. At the same time, the system is not unrestricted. Generalizing over the data, this article lays out the requirements and specific challenges any full formal account of out- will have to match.

Argument Structure of Slide Verb in English

Various languages in the world have their own systems, especially in terms of verb classification. It can determine argument in the structure. This paper is intended to analyze the interaction between syntax and semantics in terms of the argument structure of the slide verb in English. The main theory used in this study was the theory of argument structure proposed by Kim & Sells (2008). The result of analysis showed that two kinds of slide verb: bounce and slide are intransitive and transitive verbs. The specifier (SPR) of the sentence structure functions as the agent; the Complement (COMPS) of the verb bounce serves as the patient and the COMPS of the verb slide functions as the theme.

Eksistensi Verba dalam Kajian Bahasa Indonesia

AbstrakPenelitian ini berjudul “Eksistensi Verba dalam Kajian Bahasa Indonesia”.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif, yaitumetode yang menggambarkan data secara faktual dan akurat mengenai sifat-sifatfenomena yang diteliti. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bersumber daribahasa ragam tulis. Sumber data diambil dari surat kabar yang ada pada situsinternet. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah seputar klasifikasi verbabaik secara morfologis, sintaktis, maupun semantis. Masalah yang dibahas dalampenelitian ini adalah pengkajian kelas kata verba dari segi bentuk, fungsi sintaktis,dan makna gramatikal yang diemban. Dari hasil penelitian diungkapkan bahwaverba memiliki bentuk, yaitu bentuk dasar, berafiks, bereduplikasi, dan bermajemuk.Fungsi sintaktis yang diisi verba dalam konstruksi kalimat ialah sebagai subjek,predikat, dan pelengkap. Makna gramatikal yang diemban verba sangat variatif,yaitu benefaktif, kopulatif, kausatif, resiprokal, kuantitatif, refleksif, lokatif, iteratif,semelfaktif, distributif, dan terminatif.Kata kunci: verba, klasifikasi, bentuk, fungsi sintaktis, maknaAbstractThe title of this research is “The Existence of Verbs in Indonesian Studies”. Themethod used in this research is descriptive method which describes the data factually,sytematically, and accurately on the characteristics of the observed phenomenon. The datasources in this research are taken from written language: newspaper on internet sites andartificial data (made by the researcher). The theories used in this research are theories aboutverbs, based on morphological, syntactical, and semantical studies. The problem discussedin this research is the study of verb categories in term of forms, syntactic functions, andgrammatical meaning. The results of this research show that verbs have a form, namelythe basic form; they have affixes, reduplication, and compound. The syntactic functions of averb in a sentence construction are as subject, predicate, and complement. The grammaticalmeaning of a verb is various; benefactive, copulative, causative, reciprocal, quantitative,reflexive, locative, iterative, semelfactive, distributive, and terminative.Keywords: verb, classification, form, syntactic function, meaning

Eksistensi Verba dalam Kajian Bahasa Indonesia

AbstrakPenelitian ini berjudul “Eksistensi Verba dalam Kajian Bahasa Indonesia”.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif, yaitumetode yang menggambarkan data secara faktual dan akurat mengenai sifat-sifatfenomena yang diteliti. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bersumber daribahasa ragam tulis. Sumber data diambil dari surat kabar yang ada pada situsinternet. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah seputar klasifikasi verbabaik secara morfologis, sintaktis, maupun semantis. Masalah yang dibahas dalampenelitian ini adalah pengkajian kelas kata verba dari segi bentuk, fungsi sintaktis,dan makna gramatikal yang diemban. Dari hasil penelitian diungkapkan bahwaverba memiliki bentuk, yaitu bentuk dasar, berafiks, bereduplikasi, dan bermajemuk.Fungsi sintaktis yang diisi verba dalam konstruksi kalimat ialah sebagai subjek,predikat, dan pelengkap. Makna gramatikal yang diemban verba sangat variatif,yaitu benefaktif, kopulatif, kausatif, resiprokal, kuantitatif, refleksif, lokatif, iteratif,semelfaktif, distributif, dan terminatif.Kata kunci: verba, klasifikasi, bentuk, fungsi sintaktis, maknaAbstractThe title of this research is “The Existence of Verbs in Indonesian Studies”. Themethod used in this research is descriptive method which describes the data factually,sytematically, and accurately on the characteristics of the observed phenomenon. The datasources in this research are taken from written language: newspaper on internet sites andartificial data (made by the researcher). The theories used in this research are theories aboutverbs, based on morphological, syntactical, and semantical studies. The problem discussedin this research is the study of verb categories in term of forms, syntactic functions, andgrammatical meaning. The results of this research show that verbs have a form, namelythe basic form; they have affixes, reduplication, and compound. The syntactic functions of averb in a sentence construction are as subject, predicate, and complement. The grammaticalmeaning of a verb is various; benefactive, copulative, causative, reciprocal, quantitative,reflexive, locative, iterative, semelfactive, distributive, and terminative.Keywords: verb, classification, form, syntactic function, meaning