Bulgarian Export of Consumption Goods and Intermediate Goods Since the Outbreak of the Corona-virus

In the context of the dynamic conditions since the beginning of the pandemic, the objective of this article is to explore the changes in the export of Bulgaria. The focus is on two categories: consumption goods and intermediate goods. My approach is based on the examination of the latest available data for trade value. It is combined with a review of relevant publications of international organizations and the academia. The results suggest disruptions in the Bulgarian export of both observed categories since the outbreak of the new virus. Based on early data, the article can be useful to provide initial indication for the variations in export in the first three quarters of 2020. The implications of the outcomes may be limited by the uncertainty of the pandemic and possible unexpected changes in the international trade environment.

A Tale of Two Motives: Endogenous Time Preference, Cash-in-Advance Constraints and Monetary Policy

This paper demonstrates the effects of modeling an endogenous rate of time preference and two cash-in-advance constraints. If the constraint is levied on consumption and capital goods, time preference effects are neutral and cash-in-advance constraint effects invert the Tobin Effect. If the constraint applies solely to consumption goods, opposing motives are offsetting and monetary policy is super neutral.

A Tale of Two Motives: Endogenous Time Preference, Cash-in-Advance Constraints and Monetary Policy

This paper demonstrates the effects of modeling an endogenous rate of time preference and two cash-in-advance constraints. If the constraint is levied on consumption and capital goods, time preference effects are neutral and cash-in-advance constraint effects invert the Tobin Effect. If the constraint applies solely to consumption goods, opposing motives are offsetting and monetary policy is super neutral.

The Falling Rate of Profit under Constant Rate of Exploitation: A Generalization

In a two-sector model with circulating capital, Laibman (1982) shows that a capital-using and labor-saving technical change in the consumption goods sector lowers the rate of profit under the assumption of constant rate of exploitation. This paper generalizes his finding in a two-department multi-sector model that considers the capital advanced. JEL Classification: B51, C67

Pengaruh Penjualan, Hutang Lancar, Modal Kerja dan Perpurtaran Persediaan Terhadap Laba Bersih pada Perusahaan Industri Barang Konsumsi di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2014-2018

The objective of the study is to test and analyze the effect of sales, current liabilities, working capital and inventory circulation on the net profit of industry consumption goods listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period of 2014- 2018. The research used in a quantitative research approach and the nature of this research is a causal research. The research populations were all companies of industry consumption listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange totaling 23 companies. The research sample were 115 data, drawn by purposive sampling technique. The research data were analyzed by using multiple regression analysis using F test and the T test and the coefficient of determination was obtained by the value of adjusted R Square meaning that the variations in variables of sales, current liabilities, working capital and inventory circulation, while were explained by other independent variables, by testing the classic assumption using SPSS 23. The research finding showed that partially sales, current liabilities and working capital had a significant effect on net income while inventory circulation had no effect to net income in industry consumption goods listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2014- 2018. Simultaneosly sales, current liabilities, working capital, inventory goods had a significant effect on net income in industry consumption goods listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) period 2014-2018.

Investment Demand and Structural Change

We study the joint evolution of the sectoral composition and the investment rate of developing economies. Using panel data for several countries in different stages of development, we document three novel facts: (a) the share of industry and the investment rate are strongly correlated and follow a hump‐shaped profile with development, (b) investment goods contain more domestic value added from industry and less from services than consumption goods do, and (c) the evolution of the sectoral composition of investment and consumption goods differs from the one of GDP. We build a multi‐sector growth model to fit these patterns and provide two important results. First, the hump‐shaped evolution of investment demand explains half of the hump in industry with development. Second, asymmetric sectoral productivity growth helps explain the decline in the relative price of investment goods along the development path, which in turn increases capital accumulation and promotes growth.