Abstract
Objective
Little is known about neurocognitive function in patients with persisting cognitive complaints following Covid-19 infection. Initial studies, utilizing cognitive screening measures or case reports, suggest presence of deficits in attention and executive function. This study investigated cognitive functioning among individuals with Covid-19 infection.
Methods
The sample included 20 individuals referred to an outpatient Covid-19 recovery clinic at the Cleveland Clinic. At the time of Covid-19 diagnosis, 45% required hospitalization, 15% were in an intensive care unit, 10% needed mechanical ventilation, and 10% had delirium. Patients underwent neuropsychological evaluation on average 157 days after a Covid-19 positive PCR test.
Results
This sample (n = 20) was predominately female (85%), White non-Hispanic (70%), with a mean education of 15 years. For the majority of patients, neurocognitive test results were interpreted as within expectation compared to normative samples. Cognitive deficits, when present, were largely seen on isolated tests involving attention or executive function. Seventy percent of patients were treated for a mood disorder prior to Covid-19. At the time of testing, 45% of the sample endorsed moderate to severe symptoms of depression and/or anxiety and 92% noted significant fatigue as measured by the Fatigue Severity Scale.
Conclusions
Cognitive deficits, when observed, are consistent with prior research. These findings suggest that in patients with similar presentations, psychological implications of Covid-19 and other persisting symptoms (e.g., fatigue) may play a significant role in subjective cognitive complaints. These patients would likely benefit from resources to manage persisting or new mood symptoms and compensatory strategies for cognitive inefficiencies they experience.