generalized epilepsy
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2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Bela Shah ◽  
Dhara Gosai ◽  
Sonu Akhani ◽  
Mehul Jadav ◽  
Nirav Rathod

Background: Thousands of people in the world suffer from epilepsy. Inspite of modern advances, it can be controlled in only 80% of treated once. Diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy is still challenged. The present study is attempted to highlight the importance of clinical findings and role of EEG and CT scan and MRI in diagnosis of epilepsy2.Aim:To study the incidence and epidemiological profile, various types of epilepsy and correlation with MRI, CT SCAN, EEG and the effectiveness of various Anti epilepticdrugs in different types of epilepsy. Settings and Design: This is a prospective study carried out at Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad.Methods:All the patients having 2 and/or more unprovoked seizures and already enrolled patients in epilepsy clinic in 1 year duration from January 1,2020 to December 31,2020 were included.Results &Conclusions:Out of 6930 total admissions, 163 patients with epilepsy were enrolled in this study from age group of 1 month to 12 years. Out of 163 patients, 97 were male and 66 were female. Most common age group affected is of 1-5 years. 128 patients (78.62%) were of generalized epilepsy and 35 patients were of partial epilepsy. Most common precipitating factor in epilepsy is inadequate drug dosages (45%). 45 patients (22.7%) have developmental delay. Abnormal EEG findings were present in 123 patients (75.46%). Abnormal MRI findings were present in 37 patients (22.7%). CT scan was done in 56 patients, 20 were abnormal. 107 patients were on monotherapy and 56 patients were on polytherapy. Valproate is most commonly used drug (76.6%).


Epilepsia ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Koko ◽  
Joshua E. Motelow ◽  
Kate E. Stanley ◽  
Dheeraj R. Bobbili ◽  
Ryan S. Dhindsa ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Gauffin ◽  
Anne-Marie Landtblom ◽  
Patrick Vigren ◽  
Andreas Frick ◽  
Maria Engström ◽  
...  

Introduction: Cognitive impairments in epilepsy are not well-understood. In addition, long-term emotional, interpersonal, and social consequences of the underlying disturbances are important to evaluate.Purpose: To compare cognitive function including language in young adults with focal or generalized epilepsy. In addition, quality of life and self-esteem were investigated.Patients and Methods: Young adults with no primary intellectual disability, 17 with focal epilepsy and 11 with generalized epilepsy participated and were compared to 28 healthy controls. Groups were matched on age (mean = 26 years), sex, and education. Participants were administered a battery of neuropsychological tasks and carried out self-ratings of quality of life, self-esteem, and psychological problems.Results: Similar impairments regarding cognitive function were noted in focal and generalized epilepsy. The cognitive domains tested were episodic long-term memory, executive functions, attention, working memory, visuospatial functions, and language. Both epilepsy groups had lower results compared to controls (effect sizes 0.24–1.07). The total number of convulsive seizures was predictive of episodic long-term memory function. Participants with focal epilepsy reported lower quality of life than participants with generalized epilepsy. Lowered self-esteem values were seen in both epilepsy groups and particularly in those with focal epilepsy. Along with measures of cognitive speed and depression, the total number of seizures explained more than 50% of variation in quality of life.Conclusion: Interestingly, similarities rather than differences characterized the widespread cognitive deficits that were seen in focal and generalized epilepsy, ranging from mild to moderate. These similarities were modified by quality of life and self-esteem. This study confirms the notion that epilepsy is a network disorder.


2022 ◽  
pp. 155005942110708
Author(s):  
Ayse Nur Ozdag Acarli ◽  
Ayse Deniz Elmali ◽  
Nermin Gorkem Sirin ◽  
Betul Baykan ◽  
Nerses Bebek

Introduction. Although ictal blinking is significantly more frequent in generalized epilepsy, it has been reported as a rare but useful lateralizing sign in focal seizures when it is not associated with facial clonic twitching. This study aimed to raise awareness of eye blinking as a semiological lateralizing sign. Method. Our database over an 11-year period reviewed retrospectively to assess patients who had ictal blinking associated with focal seizures. Results. Among 632 patients, 14 (2.2%), who had 3 to 13 (7 ± 3) seizures during video-EEG monitoring, were included. Twenty-five percent of all 92 seizures displayed ictal blinking and each patient had one to five seizures with ictal blinking. Ictal blinking was unilateral in 17%, asymmetrical in 22% and symmetrical in 61%. The blinking appeared with a mean latency of 6.3 s (range 0-39) after the clinical seizure-onset, localized most often to fronto-temporal, then in frontal or occipital regions. Blinking was ipsilateral to ictal scalp EEG lateralization side in 83% (5/6) of the patients with unilateral/asymmetrical blinking. The exact lateralization and localization of ictal activity could not have been determined via EEG in most of the patients with symmetrical blinking, remarkably. Conclusions. Unilateral/asymmetrical blinking is one of the early components of the seizures and appears as a useful lateralizing sign, often associated with fronto-temporal seizure-onset. Symmetrical blinking, on the other hand, did not seem to be valuable in lateralization and localization of focal seizures. Future studies using invasive recordings and periocular electrodes are needed to evaluate the value of blinking in lateralization and localization.


Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000013056
Author(s):  
P. Emanuela Voinescu ◽  
Alexa N Ehlert ◽  
Camden P Bay ◽  
Stephanie Allien ◽  
Page B Pennell

Objective:To assess whether increased seizure frequency during pregnancy and post-partum is influenced by epilepsy type, seizure location, and antiseizure medications.Methods:Clinical data was collected in a longitudinal prospective database of pregnant women with epilepsy at Brigham and Women’s Hospital. Within each individual participant, baseline seizure frequency was calculated for the 9 months preconception, and it was determined if seizure frequency increased during pregnancy or the postpartum period. Seizure frequency was calculated for each 4-week interval during pregnancy. Generalized estimating equations for logistic regression were applied.Results:Ninety-nine patients contributing 114 pregnancies were included from 2013-2018. Increased seizure frequency occurred more often during pregnancies of women with focal versus generalized epilepsy (21.1% vs 5.3%, OR 4.70; 95% CI (1.00, 22.00); p = 0.0497). Among women with focal epilepsy, increased seizure frequency occurred more often in those with frontal lobe epilepsy (OR 8.00; 95 % CI (2.19, 29.21); p = 0.0017). There was no difference in seizure worsening in the postpartum period between focal and generalized (11.1% vs 9.1%, p=0.4478), or frontal and other focal (18.8% vs 6.0%; p=0.1478) epilepsy groups. Pregnancies on polytherapy had higher odds of seizure worsening compared to monotherapy (OR = 8.36, 95% CI = (2.07, 33.84), p = 0.0029), regardless of the medication or epilepsy type. A lack of preconception seizure freedom was also associated with increased seizure frequency during pregnancy (OR = 6.418; p = 0.0076).Conclusion:Women with focal epilepsy have higher likelihood of seizure worsening during pregnancy compared to women with generalized epilepsy; frontal lobe epilepsy poses an especially elevated risk. Polytherapy and lack of preconception seizure freedom are additional predictors for an increased likelihood of seizure worsening.


Epilepsia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristijonas Puteikis ◽  
Peter Wolf ◽  
Rūta Mameniškienė

Author(s):  
Rebecca Kiiski ◽  
Pabitra Basnyat ◽  
Jani Raitanen ◽  
Sirpa Rainesalo ◽  
Jukka Peltola ◽  
...  

Data in Brief ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 107665
Author(s):  
Anita L. Dharan ◽  
Stephen C. Bowden ◽  
Alan Lai ◽  
Andre D.H. Peterson ◽  
Mike W.-L. Cheung ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Kanar K. Shaker ◽  
Akram M. Al Mahdawi ◽  
Farqad B. Hamdan

Abstract Background Autonomic nervous system (ANS) symptoms are frequently present in people with epilepsy (PwE). They are generally more prominent when they originate from the temporal lobe. We aim to investigate the alterations of autonomic functions during the interictal period in patient with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) using heart-based tests, blood pressure (BP)-based tests and sympathetic skin response (SSR). Forty-eight PwE with disease duration ranging from 2 to 15 years and 51 healthy individuals were studied. Long-term electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring, the heart rate variability (HRV) during normal breathing, deep breathing, Valsalva maneuver and standing, BP responses during standing, to isometric hand grip and to mental arithmetic, and the SSR was recorded for all participants. Results 31 patients with TLE and 17 with IGE showed lower RR-IV values during deep breathing, Valsalva maneuver and standing, but not during rest, impaired BP responses during standing, isometric hand grip, and mental arithmetic. Also, prolonged SSR latencies. Within PwE group, no difference was noticed between males and females, nor between the left and right temporal lobes. Conclusion Abnormal autonomic (sympathetic and parasympathetic) regulatory functions suggest that epilepsy may alter the autonomic function and this is not only in TLE but rather in IGE too. These autonomic changes are irrespective of the localization of epilepsy between the two hemispheres. The ANS changes in epileptic patients, particularly those with autonomic symptoms, confirm that electrophysiologic measures of autonomic function may be of value in preventing sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.


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