PENDIDIKAN PADA MASA PEMERINTAH KOLONIAL DI HINDIA BELANDA TAHUN 1900-1930

Pada artikel ini membahas tentang pendidikan yang dilaksanakan pemerintahan kolonial di Hindia Belanda selama tahun 1900-1930 dimana diawali karena kritik dari berbagai pihak yang kemudian memunculkan politik etis kebijakannya antara lain emigrasi, edukasi, dan irigasi kebijakan politik etis seharusnya mampu memberikan kesempatan rakyat untuk menjadi lebih sejahtera karena salah satu kebijakannya adalah edukasi dengan adanya pendidikan merupakan awal untuk perubahan dan perkembangan dalam segala aspek. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui apa yang melatarbelakangi pelaksanaan pendidikan pada masa pemerintahan kolonial tahun 1900-1930 serta pelaksanaan pendidikan pada masa pemerintahan kolonial tahun 1900-1930 Selain itu bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan ataupun persamaan model pendidikan masa pemerintahan kolonial dengan sekarang, dan untuk membuka wawasan penulis serta pembaca tentang proses munculnya sistem pendidikan formal bagi masyarakat pribumi pada masa pemerintahan kolonial serta bagaimana pelaksanaanya. Untuk mengetahui yang melatarbelakangi dan bagaimana pelaksanaan pendidikan yang diterapkan pemerintahan kolonial Belanda maka dalam artikel ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka dengan menelaah atau mengeksplorasi beberapa buku, jurnal, maupun dokumen baik cetak maupun elektronik yang dianggap revelan dengan kajian yang dilakukan. Hasilnya pada periode 1900 hingga 1930 pendidikan di Indonesia mengalami kemajuan dimana pendidikan yang pada awalnya dibatasi dengan kekuasaan pada waktu itu mulai melebur penduduk pribumi memiliki kesempatan untuk bisa melanjutkan ke sekolah lanjutan bahkan hingga sekolah tinggi walaupun masih terdapat pendiskriminasian selain itu juga muncul beberapa sekolah dasar berbahasa belanda bagi pribumi 1900-an anak rakyat biasa mulai dikenalkan dengan bahasa belanda di beberapa sekolah namun tetap dengan catatan setiap jenjangnya selalu ada perbedaan.This article talking about education carried out by Dutch Government in Dutch East Indies during 1900-1930 caused by criticisms from various parties that bring out ethical politic. Its policies are emigration, education, and immigration. Ethical Politic's policies should be able to give people opportunity become more prosperous, because one of the policies is education. Education is a beginning for change and development in all aspects. The purposes of this article are to find out the educational background in the 1900-1930 colonial government and the educational implementation in the 1900-1930 colonial government. Furthermore, the other purposes to find out the differences and the equations of education between during the Dutch Colonial and nowadays, and to open the readers and writer's insights about the process of the formal education system for natives during colonial and how to do it. According to those purposes, in this article the writer use literature review method by studying or exploring several books, journals, or documents wether it's printed or electronic that relevant to the study conducted. The results are, in the period 1900 until 1930 education in Indonesia progressed. Education that was intially restricted by power at that time start to dissolved. Natives had opportunity to continued to the secondary school even to the college in spite of the discrimination. Moreover, there were some elementary schools in Dutch for 1900s natives. Commoners' children began to be introduced to the Dutch language in several schools but still, in each level there were always differences.

Is Employment Polarisation Inevitable? Occupational Change in Ireland and Switzerland, 1970–2010

The routinisation thesis expects technology to hollow out the middle of the employment structure, leading to a uniform pattern of polarisation across affluent countries. This article argues that occupational change is also shaped by labour supply – particularly education and immigration – and institutions. Polarisation therefore represents just one scenario of occupational change. Our study of Ireland and Switzerland examines long-term change in the employment structure (1970–2010), using census data and an encompassing definition of the labour force. Results show no simple trend of occupational upgrading morphing into polarisation. Occupational upgrading occurred in both countries, with the largest employment gains in high-paid occupations and the largest losses in low-paid ones. Patterns of occupational change largely aligned with the evolution of labour supply, upgrading in the 1990s and 2000s being driven in both countries by higher educated women. Immigration supplied labour for low-end and mid-level jobs in Ireland during the Celtic Tiger era, and for low-paid occupations in Switzerland during the 1980s.

Alma Mater, Mater Exulum. Jesuit Education and Immigration in America

This chapter explores both the history and commitment surrounding 225 years of Jesuit higher education in the United States to provide the so-called moral framework of this study. It examines the history of the Society of Jesus in the United States in terms of its relationship to immigrant populations, and discusses contemporary themes which make such a continued commitment to the often excluded and underappreciated population of migrant students viable and fruitful today. It argues that that Jesuit higher education shares a mission and commitment across generations to provide access to education; and in the U.S. context, especially to help immigrant families have an opportunity to earn their share of the American dream.

Human Capital Enhancement through Education and Immigration

The chapter points out that to meet Hong Kong’s population challenge in the next three decades, it urgently needs to implement human capital enhancement policies. Its future as an international metropolis is under severe challenge because of the aging of its population. The failure to replenish itspopulation numbers with university-educated talents, especially in the working population, is very worrying. Hong Kong’s population aging problem is particularly seriousImmigrants who came in the postwar period were the foundation of Hong Kong’s success, and they enriched the life of the city. The city must shed the insular mentality that is emerging today if it is to avoid the fate of becoming a capitalist museum by the end of this century. The real population challenge for Hong Kong lies in our readiness to adopt and implement policies that are necessary to shaping the city’s future.

Fixing Inequality in Hong Kong

When discussing inequality and poverty in Hong Kong, scholars and politicians often focus on the failures of government policy and push for an increase in social welfare. Richard Wong argues in Fixing Inequality in Hong Kong that universal retirement support, minimum wage, and standard hours of work are of limited effect in shrinking the inequality gap. By comparing Hong Kong with Singapore, he points out that Hong Kong needs a new and long-term strategy on human resource policy. He recommends more investment in education, focusing on early education and immigration policy reforms to attract highly educated and skilled people to join the workforce. In analyzing what causes inequality, this book ties disparate issues together into a coherent framework, such as Hong Kong’s aging population, lack of investment in human capital, and family breakdowns. Rising divorce rates among low-income households have worsened the housing shortage, driving rents and property prices upwards. Housing problems created a bigger gap between those who own housing and have the ability to invest in their children’s human capital and those who cannot, thus adversely impacting intergenerational upward mobility. This is the third of Richard Wong’s collections of articles on society and economy in Hong Kong. Diversity and Occasional Anarchy and Hong Kong Land for Hong Kong People, published by Hong Kong University Press in 2013 and 2015 respectively, discuss growing economic and social contradictions in Hong Kong and current housing problems and their solutions.