Non-invasive Brain Stimulation and Prism Adaptation in Art Constructive Errors of Painting

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the influence of neglect and the effect of Prism Adaptation (PA) combined with continuous Theta-Burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (cTBS) on the art constructive errors of painting rehabilitation of stroke patients with neglect. Methods: Fourteen patients with neglect and art constructive errors of painting secondary to stroke were randomly assigned to the rehabilitation group and received PA combined with inhibitory protocol of cTBS over the intact parietal cortex; the control group received PA combined with sham cTBS for 2 weeks in 10 daily sessions. Patients have assessed for art constructive errors of painting in Figure Copying Test (FCT), and Coloring Test (CT) before and after the intervention. Art constructive errors of painting were classified into omission, deformation, size, neglect of warm colors, and perseveration of errors. Neglect was evaluated using the Line Bisection task (LBT), Figure Copying Test (FCT), and Coloring Test (CT). Results: All patients showed significant improvement in art constructive errors of painting (measured using pattern of painting’ errors in Figure Copying Test and Coloring Test), and neglect (measured using LBT, FCT, and CT) (p<0.05). Omission, neglect of warm colors, and deformation were the most frequent errors. Conclusion: Neglect and rehabilitation influences the painting system in stroke patients. Both approaches improved art constructive errors of painting and neglect symptoms.

Effects of Time for Deliberation and Disfluency on Omission Neglect

The use of disfluency in marketing signage has more complex effects than what past research suggests. Time plays an important role in consumer information processing of signage presented disfluently. Three experimental studies suggest that the effects of disfluency on the awareness of missing information, purchase likelihood, and likelihood of future surprise depend on whether consumers have more or less time to process the information. When they have a limited amount of time, disfluency improves their awareness of missing information, leading to not only a lower likelihood of immediate purchase but also less surprise when important omissions are revealed later. Nevertheless, the effects are attenuated when consumers have a greater amount of time.

Faded Fonts

Faded fonts on billboards and signage causes awareness of missing information. In this research, we highlight the importance of fonts in advertising and wayfinding and how it impacts sensitivity to missing information. Across two studies, we demonstrate that disfluency caused by faded fonts can reduce omission neglect. Study 1 establishes the basis for consequences of disfluency on omission neglect as well as its effects on judgments. Study 2 demonstrates that disfluency increases awareness of missing information by reducing response time differences for correctly identifying previously presented versus missing information. Taken together, the two studies demonstrate that disfluency increases sensitivity to absent information. Practical implications to signage and theoretical contributions to research on omission neglect are discussed.