Richard Thomas Lowe (1802–1874) and his correspondence networks: botanical exchanges from Madeira

The growth of scientific knowledge in the natural sciences in the nineteenth century to a large extent depended on networking and communication between naturalists. Our case-study illustrates such forms of scientific communication using a social network analysis (SNA) approach for studying the relationships of the Reverend Richard Thomas Lowe, an English naturalist who lived in Madeira from 1826 to 1852, and continued to visit until his death in a shipwreck in 1874. During his lifetime, he established a network of contacts mainly in the United Kingdom and in Madeira, which enabled him to develop and publish his pioneering work on the local flora, including A manual flora of Madeira and the adjacent islands of Porto Santo and the Desertas.

Colonial Anxiety and Identity: Ethnic Networks as Cultural Supports in Colonial South Asia and Sumatra

This study was inspired by research into the personal correspondence of colonial servants in Sumatra and South Asia, and the realisation that their articulation of negative emotions such as anxiety or fear are ill-fitted to the current wider understanding of colonial anxiety. This article argues that the progress of colonial empires was widely shaped by negative emotions such as these, yet there were also methods used by colonial servants to deal with such negative experiences. The core example of this has been the case studies of Robert Cowan and Alexander Hall; these men’s letter archives display their usage of correspondence networks as part of their coping strategy. It is argued that these specifically ethnic, and at times gendered, correspondence networks formed a cultural bulwark which was used to cope with aspects of colonial anxiety. The method of this study therefore was epistolary examination to gather evidence and construct arguments. The archives of Cowan and Hall were compared and examined side by side to identify common patters and content. These were then considered in tandem with the current wider understanding of colonial anxiety. Based on the evidence gathered, it has been concluded that ethnic networks such as those examined could mitigate aspects of colonial anxiety. At the same time, these also demonstrate the great potential for future interdisciplinary studies involving personal histories tied to both Sumatra and South Asia.

SDN-Based Approach to Evaluate the Best Controller: Internal Controller NOX and External Controllers POX, ONOS, RYU

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a rising technique to deal with replace patrimony network (coupled hardware and software program) control and administration by separating the control plane (software program) from the information plane (hardware). It gives adaptability to the engineers by influencing the focal control to plane straightforwardly programmable. Some new difficulties, for example, single purpose of disappointment, may be experienced because of the original control plane. SDN concentrated on flexibility where the security of the system was not essentially considered. It promises to give a potential method to present Quality of Service (QoS) ideas in the present correspondence networks. SDN automatically changes the behavior and functionality of system devices utilizing a single state program. Its immediate OpenFlow is planned by these properties. The affirmation of Quality of Service (QoS) thoughts winds up possible in a versatile and dynamic path with SDN. It gives a couple of favorable circumstances including, organization and framework versatility, improved exercises and tip-top performances.

Early exploits in ornithological society

This chapter explores how Henry established himself into natural history society in London. It explores his participation in the fortnightly meetings of the Zoological Society of London and attendance at natural history auctions in London. It also explores the importance of correspondence networks among ornithologists. The British Ornithologists’ Union, the leading grouping of ornithologists in Britain, is explored in terms of its establishment, aims and its key members. Dresser was elected as a Member of the British Ornithologists’ Union in 1865. Dresser’s early publications are explored, notably his article on the birds of Southern Texas, based on his experiences there in 1863–64. Dresser became involved in the early bird conservation movement, and played a leading role in a committee to establish a close season for British seabirds.

Availability of Network Improvement for Ship’s Optical Communication Range

<p>Optical correspondence networks connecting ship’s system introduces the heuristic way to deal with accessibility investigation interfacing boat's frameworks. The availabilities of individual parts have been figured, as the reason for the whole framework accessibility assessment. A few system accessibility structures and assurance situations are exhibited and the accessibility assessed. In view of the examination, the likelihood for enhancing ship's correspondence framework accessibility has been proposed, adding to the general accessibility change of ship's frameworks.</p>