The Implementation of the Kampung Improvement Program in Semarang: Some Obstacles and Impacts

This study analyzes Kampung Improvement Program (KIP) implementation and its impact on social life in Semarang between 1978-1988 periods. The KIP program is considered successful in building and managing slum settlements in Semarang. The success of Semarang in implementing this program makes it as a pilot project for the arrangement of two cities in Southeast Asia, namely Manila and Bangkok in 1987. This study emphasizes the use of government documents and newspapers to analyze KIP implementation progress in Semarang in the period of 1978 and ended at 1988. The program implementation was divided into two major stages, KIP Urban III and KIP Urban V. From KIP program, various physical infrastructure to support basic needs, such as toilets, clean water networks, sanitation, and road paving have been built. In its development, the KIP implementation brings a new face to Semarang towards slum villages, decreases the social pathology of the communities, and develops social groups, such as empowering Integrated Health Service Port (Posyandu) and Family Welfare Program (PKK). KIP Urban III was able to complete the construction of 21 villages, while in KIP Urban V there were 35 villages, bringing the total number of 56 villages developed.

The Influence of Charismatic Church Development on Religious Christians Life in the City of Semarang 1970-2015

This article discusses the development of the Charismatic church on the Christians life in Semarang City in 1970-2015 using historical methods and using social religion approach. Since its inception in 1970, the Charismatic church in the city of Semarang has had a major influence on the Christian life in the city. A series of innovations in worship and evangelism that are adapted to the times have made the Charismatic church much in demand by Christians in big cities, one of them is Semarang. Christian interest in the Charismatic church can be seen from the development of the number of Charismatic churches in the city of Semarang. One of the Charismatic churches that is experiencing rapid development is JKI Injil Kerajaan. In the beginning, there were 25 people in the congregations. One decade later it reached 3,557 people and continued to increase to 13,324 people on the next decade. This rapid development has brought significant changes to the Christians life in the city of Semarang. It can be seen, among others, from the increasing number of churches that are full of Charismatic churches at worship services. But on the other hand, the presence of Charismatic church with a new pattern of worship caused less harmonious relationship between non-Charismatic churches and charismatic churches as the result of the high increasing number of original church people who moved to the Charismatic church. It is because Christians in Semarang are mostly more interested in taking worship in the Charismatic church.

Tabib Family’s Role on Fracture Treatment in Aceh, 1950-2020: A Historical Reconstruction

This research traces the origin of traditional fracture treatment, and identifies the values of local wisdom, especially in traditional healing process performed by the tabib family and to describe how the traditional healing system is developed from ancient times to the present. This study used a qualitative approach and historical methods through topic selection, heuristics or collecting sources, verification or source criticism, and sources and historiography interpretation. Based on the research that has been conducted, the following results were obtained: (1) Fracture treatment has been performed since 1950 in Aceh, especially among the tabib family coming from South Aceh through the inheritance of knowledge from generation to generation; (2) The regeneration process was performed in the healer family, in this case the father inherited from his children or grandparents to his grandchildren to study this knowledge, and practiced it in their entire life; (3) Entering the modern era, traditional medicine has developed in several aspects, so, people tend to believe in this treatment. This study is a part of the historical local wisdom (HLW) to determine how the development of traditional medicine in Aceh from time to time.

The Trade of Sago in Ambon, 1880-1900

During the late 19th century, sago in Ambon turned out not only to be a subsistence crop used as a staple food, but also as a commercial crop. Historical sources shown that sago became one of the important commodities in trade in the 19th century, as one of the commodities that affected the economy of the Ambonese people and the colonial government. Sago became a prominent commodity when the spices trade decreased. So, there is commercialization process of sago as an important trade commodity. In this connection, this article examines several issues, the sago became a strategic commodity and the role of sago in the Ambonese economy during 1880-1900. It is analyzed by using the historical method, which emphasized on primary sources based on official reports in the form of colonial publications. According to the study, between 1880 -1900 it was known that the local community and colonial government traded the sago. One interesting thing is that aside from being a staple food, sago is also used as a currency that is bartered with other commodities that have the same value. For the colonial government, sago became a commercial commodity that was quite productive, even having become an export commodity to various countries, such as Singapore and Europe. The colonial government sold sago in various forms such as bundles, basketry, slabs, flour, and grains. In addition, the government also rents sago lands to Christians and Muslims merchants for a specified period and cost.

Indie Weerbaar Polemic and the Radicalization of Sarekat Islam (1917-1918)

This article analyses the polemic relationship between the formation of Indie Weerbaar and the radicalization of the Sarekat Islam. The organization later protected the Dutch East Indies from the effects of the First World War. The support from Sarekat Islam initiated polemics with left groups within the Sarekat Islam. This article was written using the historical method. It emphasizes on the using of primary sources in the form of writing records from some prominent figures of Sarekat Islam. The results show that the Sarekat Islamdecentralization policy implemented by the Governor-General of Idenburg resulted in the organization's leadership losing control of its agencies. Abdoel Moeis' involvement in the Indie Weerbaar committee triggered a polemic against leftist figures in Sarekat Islam, especially Semaoen. Semaoen managed to take advantage of the formation polemic of Indie Weerbaar to increase his influence and popularity. Semaoen even succeeded in influencing the Sarekat Islam congress participants to support more radical organizational policies such as the labor movements. In other hand, Semaoen also succeeded in influencing other Sarekat Islam leaders, including Tjokroaminoto, to become more radical through the organization of Radicale Concentratie in Volksraad. Thus, it can be seen that the polemic on the formation of Indie Weerbaar led to the radicalization of the Sarekat Islam movement.

Learning from the Corona Virus Pandemic: Interdisciplinary History and Strategic Issues of Historical Research

This paper discusses the function of history as a science that can be used to formulate strategies to face various challenges as well as present and future opportunities based on knowledge, understanding, and their meaning of the past. Responding to the present worldwide Covid-19 pandemic, this paper aims to build awareness among historians to strategic issues by learning from the history of diseases through interdisciplinary historical research. The existence of adequate knowledge and understanding of the past of the aforementioned issues will provide space for history as a science to make contributions that can be used as a policy, in which history is a science for thinking forward through the past.

Colonial Anxiety and Identity: Ethnic Networks as Cultural Supports in Colonial South Asia and Sumatra

This study was inspired by research into the personal correspondence of colonial servants in Sumatra and South Asia, and the realisation that their articulation of negative emotions such as anxiety or fear are ill-fitted to the current wider understanding of colonial anxiety. This article argues that the progress of colonial empires was widely shaped by negative emotions such as these, yet there were also methods used by colonial servants to deal with such negative experiences. The core example of this has been the case studies of Robert Cowan and Alexander Hall; these men’s letter archives display their usage of correspondence networks as part of their coping strategy. It is argued that these specifically ethnic, and at times gendered, correspondence networks formed a cultural bulwark which was used to cope with aspects of colonial anxiety. The method of this study therefore was epistolary examination to gather evidence and construct arguments. The archives of Cowan and Hall were compared and examined side by side to identify common patters and content. These were then considered in tandem with the current wider understanding of colonial anxiety. Based on the evidence gathered, it has been concluded that ethnic networks such as those examined could mitigate aspects of colonial anxiety. At the same time, these also demonstrate the great potential for future interdisciplinary studies involving personal histories tied to both Sumatra and South Asia.

Conflict in Private Land: The Role of “Yellow Journalism” in the Turmoil of Batu Ceper, Tangerang 1934

This article discusses the conflict and social unrest in the Batu Ceper private lands. The events in Batu Ceper was an example of anti-extortion movement erupted due to the Cuke and Kompenian problems against the background of the socio-economic issuessince the late 19th century. This study identifies “yellow journalism” concept which succeeded in uplifting the Batu Ceper event with a bombastic and sensational headline in the form of an exciting debate between the newspapers of the landlord’s defender (the white press) and the peasant advocates (press Indonesier). The victory of the white press in the court did not mean the end of potential chaos, because the anxiety which became the factor of chaos never faded away due to a mere court ruling. This article reflects the field of social history, in which the study uses mass media as its primary focus. It shows the characteristic of disruption in a historical perspective.

Rekonstruksi Pemikiran Kartini tentang Keagamaan untuk Memperkuat Integrasi Nasional

Kartini's complex thinking about her nation was the result of observations and experiences that she experienced empirically. But Kartini's ideas about religion were explicitly influenced by the surrounding environment, both European and indigenous people themselves. This study focuses on the reconstruction of Kartini's thinking in the field of religion and the social background of the emergence of this thought. Therefore, this study uses historical methods with a social history approach to identify Kartini's ideas in the religious field. The reconstruction of her ideas as one of the national integration efforts that cannot be separated from the influence of the religiosity and social background of the people around her. Kartini's thinking about religion was critical, open, and pluralistic, which was concerned with the division of the nation due to religious differences.

Terminal Kalibaru sebagai Solusi Mengatasi Kemacetan Bongkar Muat Peti Kemas di Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok Jakarta, 2011-2016

This study argues that container loading and unloading congestion at Tanjung Priok Port is caused by long dwelling time due to the limited capacity of existing container terminals. Therefore, the Kalibaru Terminal was built to overcome this problem. The research objective is to look at the planning, construction, and operation of the Kalibaru Terminal. This study uses historical methods consisting of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results of this study indicate that the construction of the Kalibaru Terminal is a superior project of government and private cooperation so that it must go through an international tender. The development of Kalibaru Terminal aims to increase productivity and accelerate economic growth. The existence of the Kalibaru Terminal also caused the flow of goods to run smoothly and decrease in dwelling time from eight to three days.