Corrigendum to: Transethosomes of Econazole Nitrate for Transdermal Delivery: Development, In-vitro Characterization, and Ex-vivo Assessment

The authors wish to add words “Research Scholar” and “Research Supervisor” to their affiliations [1]. The original article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.2174/2211738506666180813122102

Corrigendum to: Oleic Acid Vesicles as a New Approach for Transdermal Delivery of Econazole Nitrate: Development, Characterization, and In-vivo Evaluation in Wistar Rats

The authors wish to add words “Research Scholar” and “Research Supervisor” to their affiliations [1]. The original article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.2174/1574891X15999201110212725 The corrected affiliation is: Department of Pharmaceutics, Rayat-Bahra College of Pharmacy, Hoshiarpur, Punjab 146001, India; 2Faculty of Pharma-ceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, PCTE Group of Institutes, Ludhiana, Punjab 142021, India; 3Research Scholar, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar-Punjab 144601, India; 4Research Supervisor, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar-Punjab 144601, India

Oleic Acid Vesicles as a new Approach for Transdermal Delivery of Econazole Nitrate: Development, Characterization, and In-vivo Evaluation in Wistar rats

Background:: Cutaneous candidiasis is a deep-seated skin fungal infection that is most commonly observed in immunocompromised patients. This fungal infection is conventionally treated with various formulations like gels and creams which are having different side effects and least therapeutic efficacy. Hence, it becomes necessary to develop a novel carrier system for the treatment of this deep-seated skin fungal infection. Econazole nitrate is the most widely used antifungal for the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis, therefore, in present research work we developed and evaluated econazole nitrate loaded oleic acid vesicles for treatment of cutaneous candidiasis through transdermal route. Methods:: Econazole nitrate loaded oleic acid vesicles were prepared by thin-film hydration and characterized for drug entrapment, vesicle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), Fourier Transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Furthermore, the oleic acid vesicular gel was evaluated for ex-vivo skin permeation/retention and in-vitro and in-vivo antifungal activity in Wistar rats. Results:: Econazole nitrate loaded oleic acid vesicles showed high encapsulation of drug (74.76 ± 3.0%), acceptable size (373.4 ± 2.9 nm), and colloidal characteristics (PDI = 0.231 ± 0.078, zeta potential = -13.27 ± 0.80 mV). The oleic acid vesicular gel showed high skin permeation (Transdermal flux = 61.98 ± 2.45 μg/cm2/h), skin retention (35.90 ± 2.06%), in-vitro, and in-vivo antifungal activity compared to marketed cream (EcodermR) of econazole nitrate for a prolonged period of time (4 days). Conclusion:: Developed econazole nitrate loaded oleic acid vesicles could be used effectively in the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis with minimization of side effects of econazole nitrate with increased therapeutic efficacy.

Improvement of econazole nitrate solubility by using surfactants and phospholipids according to optimized experimental design

The main purpose of this study is to improve and boost the solubility of Econazole Nitrate in water using phospholipid and surfactants, until it becomes possible to evaluate the utility of a mixture design in order to determine the optimal composition of non-ionic surfactants and phospholipids needed to obtain a significant improvement in the solubility of Econazole Nitrate in water. The design of experiments approach was tested using a mixture design of Lipoïd 75® as phospholipid and Econazole Nitrate, Tween® 80 and Solutol®HS 15 as surfactants,. Solubility was determined by the analysis of samples absorbance at 225 nm. and the measurement size of particles conducted using a Dynamic Light Scattering at the maximum point of solubility. The final results displayed an improvement in solubility with a statistically significant increase in many tested mixtures. Analysis of the design space showed that, the solubility of Econazole Nitrate is importantly affected by the concentration of surfactants. The best obtained test encloses 1% Econazole Nitrate, 2% Tween® 80, 0.5% Lipoid 75®, 2% Solutol®HS 15 and water q. s. for 100% w / w. Our study has demonstrated that optimized experimental design determines the proportions and the effects of every component based on a limited number of experiments.