Toxicity Effects of Microplastics and Nanoplastics with Cadmium on the Alga Microcystis Aeruginosa

The objective of this paper is to present a thorough analysis of the toxicity of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) with the heavy metal cadmium (Cd). These components were studied separately and combined to determine how these environmental toxins affect Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) in fresh water. The combined toxicity of MPs or NPs and Cd to M. aeruginosa showed an aggressive and negative effect after 96 h of exposure. Due to the higher adsorption ability of NPs, the accumulation of Cd inside cells with NPs was lower than that found inside the cells with MPs. But the difference in toxicity between the MPs and NPs was not significant. Meanwhile, the more produce of the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) in the presence of NPs, the more complex effect of EPS bonded to heavy metals, which reduce the toxic effect on the algal cells. Notably, the production of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) under different treatments has demonstrated that the presence of combined MPs/NPs with Cd can potentially raise some of the toxin risks harming the aquatic environment. Our findings highlight the great potential ecological risks of the combined Cd and MPs/NPs in the aquatic system.

Complex Structure Modification and Improvement of Properties of Aluminium Casting Alloys with Various Silicon Content

The possibility of using complex structure modification for aluminium casting alloys’ mechanical properties improvement was studied. The fluxes widely used in the industry are mainly intended for the modification of a single structural component of Al–Si alloys, which does not allow unifying of the modification process in a production environment. Thus, a new modifying flux that has a complex effect on the structure of Al–Si alloys has been developed. It consists of the following components: TiO2, containing a primary α-Al grain size modifier; BaF2 containing a eutectic silicon modifier; KF used to transform titanium and barium into the melt. The effect of the complex titanium dioxide-based modifier on the macro-, microstructure and the mechanical properties of industrial aluminium–silicon casting alloys containing 5%, 6%, 9%, 11% and 17% Si by weight was studied. It was found that the tensile strength (σB) of Al–Si alloys exceeds the similar characteristics for the alloys modified using the standard sodium-containing flux to 32%, and the relative elongation (δ) increases to 54%. The alloys’ mechanical properties improvement was shown to be the result of the flux component’s complex effect on the macro- and microstructure. The effect includes the simultaneous reduction in secondary dendritic arm spacing due to titanium, the refinement and decreasing size of silicon particles in the eutectic with barium and potassium, and the modifying of the primary silicon. The reliability of the studies was confirmed using up-to-date test systems, a significant amount of experimental data and the repeatability of the results for a large number of samples in the identical initial state.

FEATURES OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND MASS WORK AT THE UNIVERSITY WITH THE USE OF FITNESS TECHNOLOGIES

Physical education and mass work at the university has always been based on the needs of students in classes in sports sections after school. The practice of physical activity of students included fitness, and with it appeared the sport "fitness aerobics", in which competitions are held within the framework of the sports Contest of universities. Fitness programs based on aerobics have a complex effect on the body of those involved. At the same time, in fact, in any form of aerobics, you can achieve the main goals of wellness fitness - to develop cardiorespiratory endurance, strength, strength endurance, flexibility.

Protective forest plantations and treatment methods influence on agrophysical properties of chestnut soil and agricultural yield

The article presents the results of many years research on the complex effect of basic tillage and shelterbelts methods on the content of macroelements in the soil, the conditions of water supply and the formation of the spring barley yield on zonal light-chestnut soils.

Features of Physical Development in Adolescents Aged 12–14 Years: Assessment and Analysis

BACKGROUND: The review examines the main stages of the formation of anthropometric monitoring of the physical development of children and adolescents in pediatric practice. Various factors that have a complex effect on the growth and physical development of the child’s body are shown. AIM: The aim of research is to identify features of physical development in adolescents aged 12–14 years and make assessment and analysis. The importance of conducting modern research to determine the anthropometric indicators of the norm for children and adolescents living in different regions is indicated. The research was conducted in educational institutions. METHODS: A total of 756 boys and girls aged 13–14 were examined. The study of the main trends in the formation of physical and sexual development of children and adolescents over the past decade can serve as a basis for the development of measures to preserve reproductive health. RESULTS: Assessment of the physical development of children showed that 72-73% of children aged 13-14 years have a harmonious (normal) physical development. Among 14-year-olds, the deficit is relatively more common among girls, and the excess is the opposite among boys. CONCLUSION: The progress of the external signs of puberty at the height of puberty was determined by the actual age (internal clock, i.e., the genetic program) and, in addition, and independently of this, the achieved body weight.

LYN kinase and estrogen receptor ERα: involvement in carcinogenesis and potential therapeutic target for tumors

Primary or secondary resistance is an important problem when treating any type of tumor. It is often associated with changes in target genes’ functioning. This raises the question of understanding functional intracellular interactions of genes and proteins in oncological processes and therapeutic resistance occurring. When searching target proteins of targeted therapy, it is necessary to identify biomolecules, participating in cell signaling life, which differ significantly in normal and oncological processes and interact with a large number of pathways. It is also important that these biomolecules are not an artifact of tumor therapy or cell line cultivation, and that it is possible to influence them directly, obtaining complex effect. In addition, it is important to study changes occurring during therapy with the biomolecules, which include proto-oncogene of SRC family kinase LYN and gene of the estrogen receptor α ESR1. All these factors may help to overcome the emerging resistance.Objective – to study the way genes of SRC kinase LYN and estrogen receptor α ESR1 influence oncological processes and occurrence of therapeutic resistance.

The effect of a magnetic field on the phenolic composition and virus sanitation of raspberry plants

A magnetic pulse treatment led to an increase in the Raspberry bushy dwarf Idaeovirus-free microplants’ output and their phenolic composition change. The greatest output of the virus-free raspberries microplants (80–82%) was marked after complex treatment with pulsed and rotating magnetic fields with a time-changing frequency from 3.2 to 51 Hz, as well as with a pulsed magnetic field with a frequency from 1 to 10 Hz. The pulsed and rotating magnetic fields’ complex effect resulted in the gallic and salicylic acid content increase by 14 % and 71%, respectively, compared to the untreated variant. The chlorogenic, salicylic and gallic acids’ active synthesis was observed 72 hours after the magnetic treatment with a frequency from 3.2 to 51 Hz. There was a tendency for the amount of the phenolcarbonic acid to decrease 14 days after the magnetic treatment, except for the variant with the pulsed and rotating field treatment.