Studi Komparasi Kelayakan Teknis dan Lingkungan Pemanfaatan Limbah B3 Sandblasting terhadap Limbah B3 Sandblasting dan Fly Ash sebagai Campuran Beton

Fly ash and sandblasting slag widely used as concrete’s builder because it contains quite high silica (SiO2) approximately 58,20% and 98,97%. Fly ash and sandblasting slag can increase concrete power pressure and contains characteristic like cement. Method of concrete making and technical feasibility test on this research use SNI standar (SNI 03-2834-2000). Environmental feasibility test use Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedur (TCLP) according PP No. 101 tahun 2014. The results of this research show that the use of sandblasting slag can increase concrete power pressure at age of immersion 28 days. Concrete power pressure with 5%; 10%; 15%; and 20% sandblasting slag are 16,32 MPa; 17,81 MPa; 18,89 MPa; and 15,24 MPa. The use of sandblasting slag and fly ash can increase concrete power pressure at age of immersion 28 days. Concrete power pressure with 5% sandblasting slag and 30% fly ash; 10% sandblasting and 25% fly ash, 15% sandblasting and 20% fly ash, and 20% sandblasting and 15% fly ash are 18,53 Mpa, 16,08 MPa, 17,20 Mpa, and 15,91 MPa. Based on the TCLP test, the concentration of heavy metal substances in 10% SBE are below the standard. Thus, it is scientifically proven to conclude that concrete with 10% and 15% sandblasting slag and 5% sandblasting slag and 30% fly ash; 15% sandblasting and 20% fly ash are technically proper and safe for the environment.

Language processing in bilinguals

In this paper we integrate and reinterpret new data from a set of experiments in our lab in order to tease apart many of the factors thought to influence bilingual processing. Specifically we combine data from studies investigating age of immersion (AoI), manner of acquisition (MoA), proficiency and context of bilingualism to (1) investigate the organization of the bilingual mental lexicon and (2) determine the nature of the interaction between bilingualism and cognitive control. We suggest that a naturalistic MoA promotes the integration of the bilingual lexicon, and that an early AoI per se is somewhat less important (though it tends to lead to a more naturalistic MoA). Further, bilinguals with an integrated bilingual lexicon (i.e., naturalistic learners) only develop cognitive control advantages if they are in a dual-language environment.

Age of immersion as a predictor of foreign accent

This study examines the relationship between age of immersion (AOI) and the degree of perceived accent (DPA) that raters who speak native English perceive in the speech of Mandarin speakers who learned English as a second language. AOI and speech samples of variable length and linguistic context (single words, sentences, short paragraph, and self-generated picture narration) were collected from the target group (n=32, AOI=3–16) and from native speaker controls. A moderately trained native speaker panel of college students then rated the samples on how “native” they sounded using a continuous scale. Rating was broken over three separate sessions to relieve fatigue, and a reliability measure was administered at the onset and termination of each session to ensure consistency. Reliable performance was demonstrated both across judges and across sessions and indicated no single AOI demarcated a “critical period.” Instead, DPA was found to deviate from native in a highly linear manner with AOI, as did speakers' tendencies to noticeably deflect from this line. These deviations began at an AOI of about 5, although some speakers bottomed out with an AOI as early as 7, whereas nearly native ratings were given to others whose AOI was greater than 5. Females were rated as more native and variably accented than males. Ratings of native decreased with sampling length but increased with extemporization, the effect of AOI on DPA being similar for all sampling types.