An Empirical Investigation of Global Production Networks in Indian Manufacturing Sector

This article attempts to dive into the operation of global production networks in India with manufacturing sector in the primary scope of focus. It aims to analyse the long-run and short-run relationship among the factors which form a global supply chain and their effects on a supply chain, using yearly data from 1984 to 2017. Our primary results from the estimations show that all the factors incorporated into the study are important for initiation and effective execution of a supply chain. The autoregressive distributed lag model shows that Index of Industrial Production (IIP), export–import ratio, KOF index and electricity index affect a supply chain positively whereas USD–INR exchange rate and unemployment rate affect gross value added negatively. The error correction model shows long-run relationship between IIP and export–import ratio. The study also highlights the importance of trade balance and industrial production in the long run.

Assessing Participation and Position of Vietnam in Global Value Chains

Vietnam’s policy of openness to trade and investment has made it integrated very quickly with the global production networks, also known as global value chains, which has brought many visible fortunes to it in terms of socio-economic achievements. To have a deeper insight into the prospects and constraints of its integration into global value chains, and also to assess its degree of integration, this paper has employed Koopman et al. (2010) approach to measure the participation index, and position index. The analysis shows that the participation of Vietnam in global value chains has increased significantly in the last two decades based on strengthening FDI-led exports of Vietnam. It also shows that most of the exporting industries are located in the middle-stream in the value curve and are net buyers of intermediate products for exports, which infers the presence of predominant I2E practices in Vietnam. The paper also identifies and assesses the risk I2E practices are prone to. Scenario analysis suggests that Vietnam shall focus on upskilling of its labour force and developing indigenous industrial base. In the meantime, domestic firms shall be encouraged to collaborate with foreign firms and densify into global value chains.

ECONOMIAS EXTRATIVAS E DESENVOLVIMENTO: CONTRADIÇÕES E DESAFIOS

Resumo: Argumenta-se que, apesar dos estudos críticos realizados ao longo do século XX sobre os riscos de um crescimento baseado em recursos naturais, a emergência do neoliberalismo, a crescente financeirização do setor das commodities e a ascensão da Ásia impulsionaram o aprofundamento da dependência do extrativismo em países latino-americanos. Essa dinâmica resultou em novos e complexos conflitos territoriais e inviabilizou a capacidade de reprodução de muitas comunidades tradicionais. Esse processo explicitou limitações das críticas até então formuladas, levando à construção de novos paradigmas que buscavam complementar parte das análises existentes e tensionar as propostas de solução que essas análises apresentavam. Ao longo do texto, com base em uma extensa revisão bibliográfica, primeiramente se descrevem as principais abordagens sobre a relação entre extrativismo e crescimento econômico do século XX: Economia Neoclássica, Estruturalismo e Teoria da Dependência, Trocas Ecológicas Desiguais, Maldição dos Recursos Naturais e Redes Globais de Produção. Em seguida, apresenta-se o contexto econômico e político da região entre os anos 2000 e 2020 e abordam-se exemplos de políticas públicas voltadas para o fortalecimento do extrativismo. Por fim, discute-se a natureza territorial dos conflitos resultantes e avalia-se como eles levaram a novas proposições para se debaterem as relações entre ambiente, sociedade e economia. Palavras-chave: mineração, desenvolvimento, neoextrativismo, pós-extrativismo, pós-desenvolvimento. EXTRACTIVE ECONOMIES AND DEVELOPMENT: INCONSISTENCIES AND CHALLENGES Abstract: Along with the text, I argue that, despite the critical studies developed in the XXth century about the risks of a natural-resource-based economic growth, the emergence of neoliberalism, the increasing financialisation of the commodity sector and the rise of Asia increased the dependence of Latin American countries on extractivism. This dynamic produced new and complex territorial conflicts and destroyed the reproductive capacity of many traditional communities. This process made explicit the limitation of the existing economic critiques, resulting in the proposal of new paradigms, which complemented prevailing analysis and questioned their proposed solutions. Based on an extensive literature review, I first describe the main approaches that debated the relationship between extractivism and economic growth: Neoclassic Economics, Structuralism and Dependency Theory, Unequal Ecological Exchange, the Resource Curse, and the Global Production Networks. Then, I describe the regional socio-political context between 2000 and 2020, and present some public policies developed to strengthen extractivism in Latin America. Finally, I debate the nature of the resulting territorial conflicts and evaluate to what extent they proposed new perspectives to discuss the relationship between the environment, society and economy. Keywords: mining, development, neoextractivism, post-extractivism, post-development ECONOMÍAS EXTRACTIVAS Y DESARROLLO: CONTRADICCIONES Y DESAFÍOS Resumen: Diferentes estudios críticos, realizados a lo largo del siglo XX, señalaron los riesgos del crecimiento económico basado en los recursos naturales. Sin embargo, todavía se argumenta que el surgimiento del neoliberalismo, la creciente financiarización de los sectores económicos vinculados a los commodities y la expansión acelerada en Asia han profundizado la dependencia del extractivismo en los países latinoamericanos. El agravamiento del extractivismo provocó nuevos y complejos conflictos territoriales e hizo inviable la reproducción social de muchas comunidades tradicionales. Este nuevo contexto explicitó las limitaciones de las críticas al proyecto de desarrollo en curso, conduciendo a la construcción de nuevos paradigmas que buscaban complementar parte de los análisis existentes y cuestionar las propuestas para superarlo. Primero, a partir de una extensa revisión de la literatura, sistematizamos los principales enfoques de la relación entre el extractivismo y el crecimiento económico del siglo XX: Economía Neoclásica, Estructuralismo y Teoría de la Dependencia, Intercambio Ecológicamente Desigual, Maldición de los Recursos y Redes Globales de Producción.Posteriormente, abordamos el contexto económico y político, así como políticas públicas orientadas a fortalecer el neoextractivismo en América del Sur, entre los años 2000 y 2020. Al final, discutimos el carácter territorial de los conflictos derivados del extractivismo y evaluamos cómo estos llevaron a nuevas propuestas políticas y teóricas para debatir las relaciones entre naturaleza, sociedad y economía. Palabras clave: minería, desarrollo, neoextractivismo, postextractivismo, posdesarrollo.

Global production networks and the uneven development of regional training systems: Conceptualizing an approach and proposing a research agenda

This article argues that the global value chains framework has a problematic approach to examining the impact of value chains on workforce development systems (WDSs), given how it is based on market relations and a firm-centric view. The paper develops an alternative approach to examine value chains’ impact on WDSs as territorially and institutionally regulated, and as part of broader dynamics of accumulation and uneven development. A research agenda is suggested, which emphasizes the “dark side” of value chains’ impact on WDSs. This article contributes to the economic geography literature concerned with value chains, including the Global Production Networks approach.