Cross-modulation between microwave beams interpreted as a stochastic process

Further and more detailed experimental work demonstrates an anomalous transfer of modulation between two microwave beams in the near-field and confirms the results already obtained. The behavior of the measured signal versus the attenuation of each beam intensity suggests a model based on the existence of hybrid terms containing the product of both the relative field amplitudes. In addition, the undulating shape of the signal suggests the presence of stochastic processes.

Neural Mechanisms of Itch

Itch is a unique sensation that helps organisms scratch away external threats; scratching itself induces an immune response that can contribute to more itchiness. Itch is induced chemically in the peripheral nervous system via a wide array of receptors. Given the superficial localization of itch neuron terminals, cells that dwell close to the skin contribute significantly to itch. Certain mechanical stimuli mediated by recently discovered circuits also contribute to the itch sensation. Ultimately, in the spinal cord, and likely in the brain, circuits that mediate touch, pain, and itch engage in cross modulation. Much of itch perception is still a mystery, but we present in this review the known ligands and receptors associated with itch. We also describe experiments and findings from investigations into the spinal and supraspinal circuitry responsible for the sensation of itch.

Spectrum Modeling of Out-of-Band Intermodulation for Dual-Band RF Amplifiers in OFDM Modulation

Dual-band RF amplifiers play increasingly important roles in next-generation mobile communication systems including 5G, and the out-of-band intermodulation products are often not negligible since they generate interference to adjacent channels. In this article, following our previous modeling of cross-modulation for amplified dual-band signals, an analytical expression of out-of-band intermodulation for dual-band orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing signals is derived using the third-order intercept points I P 3 . The experimental measurement results validate the proposed analytical expression.