Solvophobicity-directed assembly of microporous molecular crystals

Dense packing is a universal tendency of organic molecules in the solid state. Typical porous crystals utilize reticular strong intermolecular bonding networks to overcome this principle. Here, we report a solvophobicity-based methodology for assembling discrete molecules into a porous form and succeed in synthesizing isostructural porous polymorphs of an amphiphilic aromatic molecule Py6Mes. A computational analysis of the crystal structure reveals the major contribution of dispersion interaction as the driving force for assembling Py6Mes into a columnar stacking while the columns are sterically salient and form nanopores between them. The porous packing is facilitated particularly in solvents with weak dispersion interaction due to the solvophobic effect. Conversely, solvents with strong dispersion interaction intercalate between Py6Mes due to the solvophilic effect and provide non-porous inclusion crystals. The solvophobicity-directed polymorphism is further corroborated by the polymorphs of Py6Mes-analogues, m-Py6Mes and Ph6Mes.

Mediating covalent crosslinking of single-chain nanoparticles through solvophobicity in organic solvents

The photoinduced intrachain crosslinking of coumarin-containing copolymers in various organic solvents was mediated through the solvophobic effect, providing control over the reaction rate and the compaction of the final single-chain nanoparticles.

Intramolecularly enhanced molecular tweezers with unusually strong binding for aromatic guests in unfavorable solvents

Molecular tweezers using aromatic interactions for binding normally work best in polar instead of nonpolar solvents due to the strong solvophobic effect in the binding.

Anion-enhanced solvophobic effects in organic solvent

Molecular balanced measured a two-fold anion-induced enhancement of the solvophobic effect in organic solvents.

Activity and conformation of lysozyme in molecular solvents, protic ionic liquids (PILs) and salt–water systems

The role of solvent features on enzyme stability was investigated by comparing the conformation and activity of lysozyme in molecular solvents, PILs and salt solutions. Electrostatic interactions and the solvophobic effect dominated at low and high solvent concentrations, respectively.