Extremus adstrictus from a dolomite wall in Poland: the first report outside Mallorca

Most species belonging to the Extremaceae family are rock-inhabiting fungi (RIF), which have a deteriorative potential towards colonized substrate. Extremus adstrictus originally isolated from limestone formations in Mallorca is reported from a dolomite wall in Poland. It is the first non-Spanish documented occurrence of this species. Identification of the strain is supported by morphological and molecular analyses. Sequences of uncharacterized fungal cultures and environmental data are analyzed in order to verify probable distribution of Extremus adstrictus.

Boltzmann: the probabilistic interpretation of entropy

Boltzmann’s collective work was a mathemetical tour de force. Building on Clausius and Maxwell, he demonstrated that the distribution of gas phase atoms and molecules follows from probability theory. Atoms and molecules distribute themselves in space and momentum to the most probable distribution. Boltzmann used probability theory to quantify the most probable state and then demonstrated the connection between this state and its entropy. This novel approach, later validated by Sackur–Tetrode, led to the creation of statistical mechanics.

First-Principles Study of Structural and Electronic Properties of MoS1.5Se0.5 Alloy

The effects of relative positions of Se atoms in a monomolecular layer of MoS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] have been studied. It is demonstrated that the distribution of Se atoms between top and bottom chalcogen planes is most energetically favorable. For a more probable distribution of Se atoms this monolayer alloy is a direct semiconductor with the fundamental bandgap of 2.35[Formula: see text]eV. We have also evaluated the optical band gaps of the alloy at 77[Formula: see text]K (1.86[Formula: see text]eV) and room temperature (1.80[Formula: see text]eV), which are in a good agreement with the experimentally measured bandgap of 1.79[Formula: see text]eV.

Introduction to Gravity Models of Migration & Trade

This lesson introduces gravity models as a means for determining the probable distribution of entities across space in historical datasets. It does so through a case study of historical migration patterns.

Full-Vectorial 3D Microwave Imaging of Sparse Scatterers through a Multi-Task Bayesian Compressive Sensing Approach

In this paper, the full-vectorial three-dimensional (3D) microwave imaging (MI) of sparse scatterers is dealt with. Towards this end, the inverse scattering (IS) problem is formulated within the contrast source inversion (CSI) framework and it is aimed at retrieving the sparsest and most probable distribution of the contrast source within the imaged volume. A customized multi-task Bayesian compressive sensing (MT-BCS) method is used to yield regularized solutions of the 3D-IS problem with a remarkable computational efficiency. Selected numerical results on representative benchmarks are presented and discussed to assess the effectiveness and the reliability of the proposed MT-BCS strategy in comparison with other competitive state-of-the-art approaches, as well.