Romance Object Clitics

This book focuses on the evolution of object clitic pronouns in the Romance languages. It aims to explore the empirical facets of cliticization and elaborate on the theoretical ramifications of the topic. On the empirical side, the book deals with data ranging from Latin to modern languages and less well-known dialects from all areas of Romance. Medieval vernaculars take centre stage both in the reconstruction of the evolution from Latin to Romance and in the modelling of clitic placement in the modern languages. Syntactic, phonological, and morphological aspects are examined, but the main focus is on syntactic placement, which is the hallmark of Romance clitics. On the theoretical side, the books engage with the previous literature, in particular with Generative literature. In recent decades, our understanding of Romance clitics has grown in symbiosis with the Generative theory, and the importance of most empirical findings cannot be fully appreciated without being acquainted with the terms of the ongoing debate. The book challenges the received idea that cliticization resulted from a form of syntactic deficiency. Instead, it proposes that clitics resulted from the feature endowment of discourse features, which caused freezing of certain pronominal forms first and—through reanalysis—their successive incorporation into verbal hosts. This approach entails revising analyses of well-known phenomena such as interpolation, climbing, and enclisis/proclisis alternations (the so-called Tobler-Mussafia law), and addressing orthogonal phenomena such as V2 syntax, scrambling, and stylistic fronting.

Distinctions of Rhythm and Meter in Three Influential American Studies

This chapter looks at the three most widely read books from postwar American studies. A year after the publication of Friedrich Neumann's Die Zeitgestalt (1959), the appearance of Grosvenor Cooper and Leonard B. Meyer's The Rhythmic Structure of Music initiated in the United States an interest in problems of musical rhythm that has resulted in numerous studies. It was followed in 1968 by Edward T. Cone's Musical Form and Musical Performance, a parallel but less systematic interpretation of musical form as rhythm. Both studies are indebted to Hugo Reimann's work, but they go much further in detaching rhythm from counting. Meanwhile, in A Generative Theory of Tonal Music (1983), Fred Lerdahl and Ray Jackendoff argue that meter is exclusively measurement and equality, and metrical accent is without duration.

Organizational responses to performance feedback: A meta-analytic review

Performance feedback theory has been recognized as a generative theory in organization and management studies that explains why, when, and how organizations initiate or discontinue specific strategic actions. Over the past decades, an extensive body of empirical research has tested the theory, refined its key tenets, and broadened its applications. Yet, empirical results on the effects of performance feedback often vary and even produce conflicting insights that are difficult to interpret. Following recent developments, we suggest that empirical controversies can be largely reconciled once we consider different performance feedback conditions, organizational actions, and boundary conditions. We conducted a meta-analytic review of 113 empirical studies to statistically evaluate how and why the effects of performance feedback may vary according to various factors. By identifying factors shaping organizational responses to performance feedback, this study helps integrate existing empirical evidence and offers new directions for future theoretical development and empirical research.

GRIYA, PURI, DAN JERO, NAMA PERUMAHAN MASA KINI: PERSPEKTIF PERGULATAN IDENTITAS

Griya, Puri, and Jero are terms specifically used to name the dwellings of Balinese aristocrats, namely brahmana, ksatrya, and wesia. These three groups of people are the highest group of citizens in the social structure of traditional Balinese society, also called tri wangsa. This study aims to uncover the identity struggle with the use of the names of the residential groups of citizens of the tri wangsa or the Balinese aristocracy into the names of today's housing developed by developers in Bali. This qualitative study with an interpretive descriptive approach uses Bourdieu's structural generative theory and Foucault's knowledge-power relations in the analysis of primary data obtained from the field, and interviews with informants determined by purposive sampling and secondary data based. Data collection was carried out through literature study and interviews. The study's findings show that in Foucault's view, the use of the names of the traditional Balinese aristocrats' dwellings is a new articulation that has articulated an earlier truth claim that has been established for about six centuries. It is also inseparable from the struggle for economic capital, cultural capital, social capital, and especially symbolic capital. The struggle of various capital in Bourdieu's perspective with its various forms of conversion also becomes a struggle for identity in the field of social struggle through the realm of residential society in Bali today.