Safety Analysis of Pedestrians As Users of Road Traffic in the Slovak Republic

ABSTRACT: The paper deals with the analysis of traffic accidents involving pedestrians in the Slovak Republic. The development of traffic accidents involving pedestrians is processed through statistical data for the period 2011 - 2019. The paper defines the risk groups of road users, identified areas with the highest traffic accidents, evaluated the negative consequences of traffic accidents and identified their possible causes. A separate chapter is a case study consisting of an analysis of a vehicle - pedestrian accident. Based on the performed analysis of traffic accidents involving pedestrians, safety measures are set to minimize the number of traffic accidents involving pedestrians and their negative consequences. The study is one of the outputs of the APVV-17-0217 project "Staffing of police officers and application of the principle of proportionality in criminal and administrative law.

Trends and outcomes of blunt renal trauma management: A nationwide cohort study in Japan

Background There is a paucity of information for predicting patient outcomes other than the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) renal injury scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the patient characteristics and outcomes of patients with blunt renal trauma using a nationwide database in Japan. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of the Japan Trauma Data Bank (JTDB) from 2004 to 2018. We identified patients with blunt renal trauma by AIS codes converted to AAST grades. We evaluated trends in patient characteristics and management, and assessed factors associated with mortality and nephrectomy using a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results We identified 3,550 patients with blunt renal trauma. Their median age was 43 years and 74.2% were male. Nephrectomy was performed in 3.8% and the overall mortality rate was 9.5%. We found increasing trends in age and emergency abdominal angiography, and decreasing trends in nephrectomy and mortality over the 15-year period. The following factors were associated with mortality: age ≥ 65 years (adjusted OR 3.36), pedestrian accident (adjusted OR 1.94), fall from height (adjusted OR 1.91), shock on arrival (adjusted OR 4.02), concomitant injuries to head/neck (adjusted OR 3.14), pelvis/lower-extremity (adjusted OR 1.59), liver (adjusted OR 1.68), spleen (adjusted OR 1.45), and gastrointestinal tract (adjusted OR 1.90), AAST grade III-V (adjusted ORs 1.42, 2.16 and 5.55), and emergency abdominal angiography (adjusted OR 0.70). The following factors were associated with nephrectomy: shock on arrival (adjusted OR 1.98), concomitant injuries to thorax (adjusted OR 0.46) and spleen (adjusted OR 2.07), AAST grade III, IV and V (adjusted ORs 18.40, 113.89, and 468.17) and emergency abdominal angiography (adjusted OR 0.28). Conclusions We demonstrated that the AAST grade and emergency angiography were associated with mortality and nephrectomy in blunt renal trauma in the Japanese population. Trial registration: Not applicable

ANALISIS PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PEJALAN KAKI BERDASARKAN PADA PERATURAN DAERAH NO. 6 TAHUN 2011 TENTANG PENYELENGGARAAN KETERTIBAN, KEBERSIHAN DAN KEINDAHAN DI KARAWANG

Kecelakaan bagi pejalan kaki, seperti halnya kecelakaan lalu lintas jalan lainnya, tidak bisa diprediksi dan dicegah. Negara dalam hal ini adalah pemerintah haruslah memperhatikan dalam menangani masalah keselamatan bagi pejalan kaki dengan mengimplementasikan langkah-langkah efektif. Beberapa rekomendasi meminta pemerintah untuk mempertimbangkan kebutuhan semua pengguna jalan, termasuk pejalan kaki dan pengendara sepeda, ketika keputusan tentang rancangan jalan dan infrastruktur, perencanaan tata guna lahan dan layanan transfortasi. Dan dari hasil yang diteliti penulis dalam hal ini mengenai faktor-faktor utama yang mempengaruhi resiko kecelakaan lalu lintas bagi pejalan kaki mencakup diantaranya 1). Kecepatan dan risiko kecelakaan pejalan kaki 2). Alkohol. 3) Kurangnya fasilitas pejalan kaki dalam perancangan jalan dan perencanaan tata guna lahan 4). Buruknya visibility pejalan kaki. Accidents for pedestrians, as well as other road traffic accidents, cannot be predicted and prevented. The country in this case is that the government should pay attention to the problem of safety for pedestrians by implementing effective measures. Some recommendations require the Government to consider the needs of all road users, including pedestrians and cyclists, when decisions about road design and infrastructure, land use planning and transfortation services. And from the results examined by the authors in this regard on the main factors that affect the risk of traffic accidents for pedestrians include 1). Speed and risk of pedestrian accident 2). Alcohol. 3) The lack of pedestrian facilities in road planning and land use planning 4). Poor pedestrian visibility

Relationships Between External Factors and Pedestrian Accident Blackspots – A Case Study of the City of Zagreb

Traffic accidents represent a social, health and political challenge in every country. Urban environments are characterized by intense traffic flows on the network, where different conditions resulting in interactions between motorised and non-motorised transport constantly occur, potentially increasing the risk of accidents. Although road accidents are considered as random events in space and time, a highly detailed analysis may establish correlations between road accidents and external factors (road infrastructure, traffic conditions, weather conditions, land use). This paper considers the impact of external factors on road accidents involving pedestrians in the City of Zagreb, which required an analysis of accident blackspots. The research conducted in this paper puts an emphasis on relations between external factors and accident blackspots involving pedestrians. The results can be used in planning pedestrian infrastructure and improving road safety.