Pengendalian Hama dan Penyakit Utama Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) di PT PG Rajawali II Jatitujuh Majalengka

ABSTRACTPest and disease monitoring aim to determine the type, sign/symptoms, and intensity of attacks. The rat (Bandicota indica), stem borer (chilo sacchariphagus Bojer), and shoot borer (Scirpophaga excerptalis Walker) place major constraints on a sugarcane plantation in PT PG Rajawali Jatitujuh Majalengka districts. The intensity of attacks (IS) of these pests reached 8.6%, 1.26%, and 0.86%, respectively. The intensity of rats reached as high as more than 5%. Shoot borer and stem borer attack are low under 5%. The smut disease caused by the fungus Ustilago scitaminea Sydow with an attacking intensity of 1.53% and belongs to the low category. Integrated pest and disease control include technical, physical / mechanical, biological, and chemical culture. ABSTRAKMonitoring hama dan penyakit bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis, gejala, insidensi serangan dan cara pengendaliannya. Hama utama tebu di PT PG Rajawali II Jatitujuh Majalengka yaitu hama tikus wirok (Bandicota indica Bechstein), penggerek batang tebu/stem borer (Chilo sacchariphagus Bojer), dan penggerek pucuk tebu/shoot borer (Scirpophaga excerptalis Walker). Insidensi serangan (IS) masing-masing mencapai 8,6%, 1,26% dan 0,86%. Insidensi serangan hama tikus tergolong tinggi dengan standar ambang batas ekonomi yang ditentukan yaitu 0%. Insidensi serangan hama penggerek tebu termasuk kategori ringan yaitu di bawah ambang ekonomi 5%. Penyakit utama yaitu luka api/cambuk jelaga yang disebabkan jamur Ustilago scitaminea Sydow dengan insidensi serangan 1.53% dan termasuk kategori ringan. Pengendalian hama dan penyakit dilakukan secara terpadu meliputi kultur teknis, fisik/mekanis, biologi dan kimia.

SCREENING OF SUGARCANE CLONES UNDER ZONAL YIELD TRIALS III, II, I AND ADVANCED YIELD TRIALS AGAINST SMUT DISEASE (USTALIGO SCITAMINEA) IN PLANT CANE

A field trial was conducted on sugarcane genotype /clones against sugarcane smut disease (Ustilago Scitaminea) at Bangladesh sugarcane Research Institute (BSRI) farm, Ishurdi, Pubna during the cropping season 2010 -11 for plant cane. Forty-seven clones were inoculated by I g smut teliospore/liter of water equivalent to 105 -106 spore /ml, for 30 minutes mixed with tween 20 for the inoculation of smut spore by dipping method. Among them 32 clones were (R) resistant ,6 Clones were (MR) moderately Resistant, 6 were (MS) Moderately susceptible,2 were (S) Susceptible and only one clone 15-08 highly susceptible found to sugarcane smut disease.

Diversity ofBacillus-like bacterial community in the sediments of the Bamenwan mangrove wetland in Hainan, China

Members of the genus Bacillus and related spore-forming genera are ubiquitous. However, Bacillus-like species isolated from marine sediments have attracted less interest than their terrestrial relatives. Here, we investigated the diversity of Bacillus-like bacterial communities in the sediments of the Bamenwan mangrove wetland in Hainan, China, using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods, and present the first report on this subject. We also discovered some potential novel species from the sediment samples. Four families, Bacillaceae (58%), Paenibacillaceae (22%), Alicyclobacillaceae (15%), and Planococcaceae (5%), and 9 genera, Bacillus (42%), Paenibacillus (16%), Halobacillus (13%), Alicyclobacillus (11%), Rummeliibacillus (5%), Cohnella (5%), Tumebacillus (4%), Pontibacillus (3%), and Aneurinibacillus (2%), were identified by pyrosequencing. In contrast, only 4 genera, Bacillus (57%), Paenibacillus (23%), Halobacillus (14%), and Virgibacillus (6%), were detected by the culture-dependent method. In the 16S rDNA sequencing analysis, the isolates HB12036 and HB12037 were closest to Bacillus okuhidensis Kh10-101Tand Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14Twith similarities of 94.8% and 95.9%, respectively, indicating that these were novel species. Bacillus sp. HB12035 and HB12040 exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Bacillus sp. HB12033 exhibited antimicrobial activity against Ustilago scitaminea Syd.

Control biológico de Ustilago scitaminea Sydow con el empleo de hongos antagonistas

El presente trabajo se llevó efecto en el laboratorio de Fitopatología pertenecientes al centro de investigaciones de la universidad central de las Villas en el periodo comprendido de noviembre de 1993 a mayo de 1994. en el mismo se estudió el posible biocontrol de Trichoderma spp y gliocladium spp sobre ele carbón de caña de azúcar (Ustilago scitaminea) en condiciones de laboratorio y se obtuvo que ambos hongos ejercen biocontrol sobre el fitopatógeno Abstract : The present work was made in the laboratory of phytopathology of Agricultura reserch center (ARC) of central university of las villas in the period november 1993 to may 1994. the possible biocontrol of Trichoderma spp and Gliocladium above Ustilago scitaminea was studied in laboraory conditions. It was demostrated that U. scitaminea was controled by Trichoerma spp and Gliocladium spp.